New API: checksums-out for checksumming many files.

[libguestfs.git] / src / generator.ml

#!/usr/bin/env ocaml
(* libguestfs
 * Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Red Hat Inc.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 *)

(* This script generates a large amount of code and documentation for
 * all the daemon actions.
 *
 * To add a new action there are only two files you need to change,
 * this one to describe the interface (see the big table of
 * 'daemon_functions' below), and daemon/<somefile>.c to write the
 * implementation.
 *
 * After editing this file, run it (./src/generator.ml) to regenerate
 * all the output files.  'make' will rerun this automatically when
 * necessary.  Note that if you are using a separate build directory
 * you must run generator.ml from the _source_ directory.
 *
 * IMPORTANT: This script should NOT print any warnings.  If it prints
 * warnings, you should treat them as errors.
 *
 * OCaml tips:
 * (1) In emacs, install tuareg-mode to display and format OCaml code
 * correctly.  'vim' comes with a good OCaml editing mode by default.
 * (2) Read the resources at http://ocaml-tutorial.org/
 *)

#load "unix.cma";;
#load "str.cma";;
#directory "+xml-light";;
#directory "+../pkg-lib/xml-light";; (* for GODI users *)
#load "xml-light.cma";;

open Unix
open Printf

type style = ret * args
and ret =
    (* "RErr" as a return value means an int used as a simple error
     * indication, ie. 0 or -1.
     *)
  | RErr

    (* "RInt" as a return value means an int which is -1 for error
     * or any value >= 0 on success.  Only use this for smallish
     * positive ints (0 <= i < 2^30).
     *)
  | RInt of string

    (* "RInt64" is the same as RInt, but is guaranteed to be able
     * to return a full 64 bit value, _except_ that -1 means error
     * (so -1 cannot be a valid, non-error return value).
     *)
  | RInt64 of string

    (* "RBool" is a bool return value which can be true/false or
     * -1 for error.
     *)
  | RBool of string

    (* "RConstString" is a string that refers to a constant value.
     * The return value must NOT be NULL (since NULL indicates
     * an error).
     *
     * Try to avoid using this.  In particular you cannot use this
     * for values returned from the daemon, because there is no
     * thread-safe way to return them in the C API.
     *)
  | RConstString of string

    (* "RConstOptString" is an even more broken version of
     * "RConstString".  The returned string may be NULL and there
     * is no way to return an error indication.  Avoid using this!
     *)
  | RConstOptString of string

    (* "RString" is a returned string.  It must NOT be NULL, since
     * a NULL return indicates an error.  The caller frees this.
     *)
  | RString of string

    (* "RStringList" is a list of strings.  No string in the list
     * can be NULL.  The caller frees the strings and the array.
     *)
  | RStringList of string

    (* "RStruct" is a function which returns a single named structure
     * or an error indication (in C, a struct, and in other languages
     * with varying representations, but usually very efficient).  See
     * after the function list below for the structures.
     *)
  | RStruct of string * string          (* name of retval, name of struct *)

    (* "RStructList" is a function which returns either a list/array
     * of structures (could be zero-length), or an error indication.
     *)
  | RStructList of string * string      (* name of retval, name of struct *)

    (* Key-value pairs of untyped strings.  Turns into a hashtable or
     * dictionary in languages which support it.  DON'T use this as a
     * general "bucket" for results.  Prefer a stronger typed return
     * value if one is available, or write a custom struct.  Don't use
     * this if the list could potentially be very long, since it is
     * inefficient.  Keys should be unique.  NULLs are not permitted.
     *)
  | RHashtable of string

    (* "RBufferOut" is handled almost exactly like RString, but
     * it allows the string to contain arbitrary 8 bit data including
     * ASCII NUL.  In the C API this causes an implicit extra parameter
     * to be added of type <size_t *size_r>.  The extra parameter
     * returns the actual size of the return buffer in bytes.
     *
     * Other programming languages support strings with arbitrary 8 bit
     * data.
     *
     * At the RPC layer we have to use the opaque<> type instead of
     * string<>.  Returned data is still limited to the max message
     * size (ie. ~ 2 MB).
     *)
  | RBufferOut of string

and args = argt list    (* Function parameters, guestfs handle is implicit. *)

    (* Note in future we should allow a "variable args" parameter as
     * the final parameter, to allow commands like
     *   chmod mode file [file(s)...]
     * This is not implemented yet, but many commands (such as chmod)
     * are currently defined with the argument order keeping this future
     * possibility in mind.
     *)
and argt =
  | String of string    (* const char *name, cannot be NULL *)
  | Device of string    (* /dev device name, cannot be NULL *)
  | Pathname of string  (* file name, cannot be NULL *)
  | Dev_or_Path of string (* /dev device name or Pathname, cannot be NULL *)
  | OptString of string (* const char *name, may be NULL *)
  | StringList of string(* list of strings (each string cannot be NULL) *)
  | DeviceList of string(* list of Device names (each cannot be NULL) *)
  | Bool of string      (* boolean *)
  | Int of string       (* int (smallish ints, signed, <= 31 bits) *)
  | Int64 of string     (* any 64 bit int *)
    (* These are treated as filenames (simple string parameters) in
     * the C API and bindings.  But in the RPC protocol, we transfer
     * the actual file content up to or down from the daemon.
     * FileIn: local machine -> daemon (in request)
     * FileOut: daemon -> local machine (in reply)
     * In guestfish (only), the special name "-" means read from
     * stdin or write to stdout.
     *)
  | FileIn of string
  | FileOut of string
(* Not implemented:
    (* Opaque buffer which can contain arbitrary 8 bit data.
     * In the C API, this is expressed as <char *, int> pair.
     * Most other languages have a string type which can contain
     * ASCII NUL.  We use whatever type is appropriate for each
     * language.
     * Buffers are limited by the total message size.  To transfer
     * large blocks of data, use FileIn/FileOut parameters instead.
     * To return an arbitrary buffer, use RBufferOut.
     *)
  | BufferIn of string
*)

type flags =
  | ProtocolLimitWarning  (* display warning about protocol size limits *)
  | DangerWillRobinson    (* flags particularly dangerous commands *)
  | FishAlias of string   (* provide an alias for this cmd in guestfish *)
  | FishAction of string  (* call this function in guestfish *)
  | FishOutput of fish_output_t (* how to display output in guestfish *)
  | NotInFish             (* do not export via guestfish *)
  | NotInDocs             (* do not add this function to documentation *)
  | DeprecatedBy of string (* function is deprecated, use .. instead *)
  | Optional of string    (* function is part of an optional group *)

and fish_output_t =
  | FishOutputOctal       (* for int return, print in octal *)
  | FishOutputHexadecimal (* for int return, print in hex *)

(* You can supply zero or as many tests as you want per API call.
 *
 * Note that the test environment has 3 block devices, of size 500MB,
 * 50MB and 10MB (respectively /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc), and
 * a fourth ISO block device with some known files on it (/dev/sdd).
 *
 * Note for partitioning purposes, the 500MB device has 1015 cylinders.
 * Number of cylinders was 63 for IDE emulated disks with precisely
 * the same size.  How exactly this is calculated is a mystery.
 *
 * The ISO block device (/dev/sdd) comes from images/test.iso.
 *
 * To be able to run the tests in a reasonable amount of time,
 * the virtual machine and block devices are reused between tests.
 * So don't try testing kill_subprocess :-x
 *
 * Between each test we blockdev-setrw, umount-all, lvm-remove-all.
 *
 * Don't assume anything about the previous contents of the block
 * devices.  Use 'Init*' to create some initial scenarios.
 *
 * You can add a prerequisite clause to any individual test.  This
 * is a run-time check, which, if it fails, causes the test to be
 * skipped.  Useful if testing a command which might not work on
 * all variations of libguestfs builds.  A test that has prerequisite
 * of 'Always' is run unconditionally.
 *
 * In addition, packagers can skip individual tests by setting the
 * environment variables:     eg:
 *   SKIP_TEST_<CMD>_<NUM>=1  SKIP_TEST_COMMAND_3=1  (skips test #3 of command)
 *   SKIP_TEST_<CMD>=1        SKIP_TEST_ZEROFREE=1   (skips all zerofree tests)
 *)
type tests = (test_init * test_prereq * test) list
and test =
    (* Run the command sequence and just expect nothing to fail. *)
  | TestRun of seq

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be the string.
     *)
  | TestOutput of seq * string

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be the list of strings.
     *)
  | TestOutputList of seq * string list

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be the list of block devices (could be either
     * "/dev/sd.." or "/dev/hd.." form - we don't check the 5th
     * character of each string).
     *)
  | TestOutputListOfDevices of seq * string list

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be the integer.
     *)
  | TestOutputInt of seq * int

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be <op> <int>, eg. ">=", "1".
     *)
  | TestOutputIntOp of seq * string * int

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be a true value (!= 0 or != NULL).
     *)
  | TestOutputTrue of seq

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be a false value (== 0 or == NULL, but not an error).
     *)
  | TestOutputFalse of seq

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be a list of the given length (but don't care about
     * content).
     *)
  | TestOutputLength of seq * int

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be a buffer (RBufferOut), ie. string + size.
     *)
  | TestOutputBuffer of seq * string

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the output of the final
     * command to be a structure.
     *)
  | TestOutputStruct of seq * test_field_compare list

    (* Run the command sequence and expect the final command (only)
     * to fail.
     *)
  | TestLastFail of seq

and test_field_compare =
  | CompareWithInt of string * int
  | CompareWithIntOp of string * string * int
  | CompareWithString of string * string
  | CompareFieldsIntEq of string * string
  | CompareFieldsStrEq of string * string

(* Test prerequisites. *)
and test_prereq =
    (* Test always runs. *)
  | Always

    (* Test is currently disabled - eg. it fails, or it tests some
     * unimplemented feature.
     *)
  | Disabled

    (* 'string' is some C code (a function body) that should return
     * true or false.  The test will run if the code returns true.
     *)
  | If of string

    (* As for 'If' but the test runs _unless_ the code returns true. *)
  | Unless of string

(* Some initial scenarios for testing. *)
and test_init =
    (* Do nothing, block devices could contain random stuff including
     * LVM PVs, and some filesystems might be mounted.  This is usually
     * a bad idea.
     *)
  | InitNone

    (* Block devices are empty and no filesystems are mounted. *)
  | InitEmpty

    (* /dev/sda contains a single partition /dev/sda1, with random
     * content.  /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc may have random content.
     * No LVM.
     *)
  | InitPartition

    (* /dev/sda contains a single partition /dev/sda1, which is formatted
     * as ext2, empty [except for lost+found] and mounted on /.
     * /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc may have random content.
     * No LVM.
     *)
  | InitBasicFS

    (* /dev/sda:
     *   /dev/sda1 (is a PV):
     *     /dev/VG/LV (size 8MB):
     *       formatted as ext2, empty [except for lost+found], mounted on /
     * /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc may have random content.
     *)
  | InitBasicFSonLVM

    (* /dev/sdd (the ISO, see images/ directory in source)
     * is mounted on /
     *)
  | InitISOFS

(* Sequence of commands for testing. *)
and seq = cmd list
and cmd = string list

(* Note about long descriptions: When referring to another
 * action, use the format C<guestfs_other> (ie. the full name of
 * the C function).  This will be replaced as appropriate in other
 * language bindings.
 *
 * Apart from that, long descriptions are just perldoc paragraphs.
 *)

(* Generate a random UUID (used in tests). *)
let uuidgen () =
  let chan = open_process_in "uuidgen" in
  let uuid = input_line chan in
  (match close_process_in chan with
   | WEXITED 0 -> ()
   | WEXITED _ ->
       failwith "uuidgen: process exited with non-zero status"
   | WSIGNALED _ | WSTOPPED _ ->
       failwith "uuidgen: process signalled or stopped by signal"
  );
  uuid

(* These test functions are used in the language binding tests. *)

let test_all_args = [
  String "str";
  OptString "optstr";
  StringList "strlist";
  Bool "b";
  Int "integer";
  Int64 "integer64";
  FileIn "filein";
  FileOut "fileout";
]

let test_all_rets = [
  (* except for RErr, which is tested thoroughly elsewhere *)
  "test0rint",         RInt "valout";
  "test0rint64",       RInt64 "valout";
  "test0rbool",        RBool "valout";
  "test0rconststring", RConstString "valout";
  "test0rconstoptstring", RConstOptString "valout";
  "test0rstring",      RString "valout";
  "test0rstringlist",  RStringList "valout";
  "test0rstruct",      RStruct ("valout", "lvm_pv");
  "test0rstructlist",  RStructList ("valout", "lvm_pv");
  "test0rhashtable",   RHashtable "valout";
]

let test_functions = [
  ("test0", (RErr, test_all_args), -1, [NotInFish; NotInDocs],
   [],
   "internal test function - do not use",
   "\
This is an internal test function which is used to test whether
the automatically generated bindings can handle every possible
parameter type correctly.

It echos the contents of each parameter to stdout.

You probably don't want to call this function.");
] @ List.flatten (
  List.map (
    fun (name, ret) ->
      [(name, (ret, [String "val"]), -1, [NotInFish; NotInDocs],
        [],
        "internal test function - do not use",
        "\
This is an internal test function which is used to test whether
the automatically generated bindings can handle every possible
return type correctly.

It converts string C<val> to the return type.

You probably don't want to call this function.");
       (name ^ "err", (ret, []), -1, [NotInFish; NotInDocs],
        [],
        "internal test function - do not use",
        "\
This is an internal test function which is used to test whether
the automatically generated bindings can handle every possible
return type correctly.

This function always returns an error.

You probably don't want to call this function.")]
  ) test_all_rets
)

(* non_daemon_functions are any functions which don't get processed
 * in the daemon, eg. functions for setting and getting local
 * configuration values.
 *)

let non_daemon_functions = test_functions @ [
  ("launch", (RErr, []), -1, [FishAlias "run"; FishAction "launch"],
   [],
   "launch the qemu subprocess",
   "\
Internally libguestfs is implemented by running a virtual machine
using L<qemu(1)>.

You should call this after configuring the handle
(eg. adding drives) but before performing any actions.");

  ("wait_ready", (RErr, []), -1, [NotInFish],
   [],
   "wait until the qemu subprocess launches (no op)",
   "\
This function is a no op.

In versions of the API E<lt> 1.0.71 you had to call this function
just after calling C<guestfs_launch> to wait for the launch
to complete.  However this is no longer necessary because
C<guestfs_launch> now does the waiting.

If you see any calls to this function in code then you can just
remove them, unless you want to retain compatibility with older
versions of the API.");

  ("kill_subprocess", (RErr, []), -1, [],
   [],
   "kill the qemu subprocess",
   "\
This kills the qemu subprocess.  You should never need to call this.");

  ("add_drive", (RErr, [String "filename"]), -1, [FishAlias "add"],
   [],
   "add an image to examine or modify",
   "\
This function adds a virtual machine disk image C<filename> to the
guest.  The first time you call this function, the disk appears as IDE
disk 0 (C</dev/sda>) in the guest, the second time as C</dev/sdb>, and
so on.

You don't necessarily need to be root when using libguestfs.  However
you obviously do need sufficient permissions to access the filename
for whatever operations you want to perform (ie. read access if you
just want to read the image or write access if you want to modify the
image).

This is equivalent to the qemu parameter
C<-drive file=filename,cache=off,if=...>.

C<cache=off> is omitted in cases where it is not supported by
the underlying filesystem.

C<if=...> is set at compile time by the configuration option
C<./configure --with-drive-if=...>.  In the rare case where you
might need to change this at run time, use C<guestfs_add_drive_with_if>
or C<guestfs_add_drive_ro_with_if>.

Note that this call checks for the existence of C<filename>.  This
stops you from specifying other types of drive which are supported
by qemu such as C<nbd:> and C<http:> URLs.  To specify those, use
the general C<guestfs_config> call instead.");

  ("add_cdrom", (RErr, [String "filename"]), -1, [FishAlias "cdrom"],
   [],
   "add a CD-ROM disk image to examine",
   "\
This function adds a virtual CD-ROM disk image to the guest.

This is equivalent to the qemu parameter C<-cdrom filename>.

Notes:

=over 4

=item *

This call checks for the existence of C<filename>.  This
stops you from specifying other types of drive which are supported
by qemu such as C<nbd:> and C<http:> URLs.  To specify those, use
the general C<guestfs_config> call instead.

=item *

If you just want to add an ISO file (often you use this as an
efficient way to transfer large files into the guest), then you
should probably use C<guestfs_add_drive_ro> instead.

=back");

  ("add_drive_ro", (RErr, [String "filename"]), -1, [FishAlias "add-ro"],
   [],
   "add a drive in snapshot mode (read-only)",
   "\
This adds a drive in snapshot mode, making it effectively
read-only.

Note that writes to the device are allowed, and will be seen for
the duration of the guestfs handle, but they are written
to a temporary file which is discarded as soon as the guestfs
handle is closed.  We don't currently have any method to enable
changes to be committed, although qemu can support this.

This is equivalent to the qemu parameter
C<-drive file=filename,snapshot=on,readonly=on,if=...>.

C<if=...> is set at compile time by the configuration option
C<./configure --with-drive-if=...>.  In the rare case where you
might need to change this at run time, use C<guestfs_add_drive_with_if>
or C<guestfs_add_drive_ro_with_if>.

C<readonly=on> is only added where qemu supports this option.

Note that this call checks for the existence of C<filename>.  This
stops you from specifying other types of drive which are supported
by qemu such as C<nbd:> and C<http:> URLs.  To specify those, use
the general C<guestfs_config> call instead.");

  ("config", (RErr, [String "qemuparam"; OptString "qemuvalue"]), -1, [],
   [],
   "add qemu parameters",
   "\
This can be used to add arbitrary qemu command line parameters
of the form C<-param value>.  Actually it's not quite arbitrary - we
prevent you from setting some parameters which would interfere with
parameters that we use.

The first character of C<param> string must be a C<-> (dash).

C<value> can be NULL.");

  ("set_qemu", (RErr, [String "qemu"]), -1, [FishAlias "qemu"],
   [],
   "set the qemu binary",
   "\
Set the qemu binary that we will use.

The default is chosen when the library was compiled by the
configure script.

You can also override this by setting the C<LIBGUESTFS_QEMU>
environment variable.

Setting C<qemu> to C<NULL> restores the default qemu binary.

Note that you should call this function as early as possible
after creating the handle.  This is because some pre-launch
operations depend on testing qemu features (by running C<qemu -help>).
If the qemu binary changes, we don't retest features, and
so you might see inconsistent results.  Using the environment
variable C<LIBGUESTFS_QEMU> is safest of all since that picks
the qemu binary at the same time as the handle is created.");

  ("get_qemu", (RConstString "qemu", []), -1, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestRun (
      [["get_qemu"]])],
   "get the qemu binary",
   "\
Return the current qemu binary.

This is always non-NULL.  If it wasn't set already, then this will
return the default qemu binary name.");

  ("set_path", (RErr, [String "searchpath"]), -1, [FishAlias "path"],
   [],
   "set the search path",
   "\
Set the path that libguestfs searches for kernel and initrd.img.

The default is C<$libdir/guestfs> unless overridden by setting
C<LIBGUESTFS_PATH> environment variable.

Setting C<path> to C<NULL> restores the default path.");

  ("get_path", (RConstString "path", []), -1, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestRun (
      [["get_path"]])],
   "get the search path",
   "\
Return the current search path.

This is always non-NULL.  If it wasn't set already, then this will
return the default path.");

  ("set_append", (RErr, [OptString "append"]), -1, [FishAlias "append"],
   [],
   "add options to kernel command line",
   "\
This function is used to add additional options to the
guest kernel command line.

The default is C<NULL> unless overridden by setting
C<LIBGUESTFS_APPEND> environment variable.

Setting C<append> to C<NULL> means I<no> additional options
are passed (libguestfs always adds a few of its own).");

  ("get_append", (RConstOptString "append", []), -1, [],
   (* This cannot be tested with the current framework.  The
    * function can return NULL in normal operations, which the
    * test framework interprets as an error.
    *)
   [],
   "get the additional kernel options",
   "\
Return the additional kernel options which are added to the
guest kernel command line.

If C<NULL> then no options are added.");

  ("set_autosync", (RErr, [Bool "autosync"]), -1, [FishAlias "autosync"],
   [],
   "set autosync mode",
   "\
If C<autosync> is true, this enables autosync.  Libguestfs will make a
best effort attempt to run C<guestfs_umount_all> followed by
C<guestfs_sync> when the handle is closed
(also if the program exits without closing handles).

This is disabled by default (except in guestfish where it is
enabled by default).");

  ("get_autosync", (RBool "autosync", []), -1, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestRun (
      [["get_autosync"]])],
   "get autosync mode",
   "\
Get the autosync flag.");

  ("set_verbose", (RErr, [Bool "verbose"]), -1, [FishAlias "verbose"],
   [],
   "set verbose mode",
   "\
If C<verbose> is true, this turns on verbose messages (to C<stderr>).

Verbose messages are disabled unless the environment variable
C<LIBGUESTFS_DEBUG> is defined and set to C<1>.");

  ("get_verbose", (RBool "verbose", []), -1, [],
   [],
   "get verbose mode",
   "\
This returns the verbose messages flag.");

  ("is_ready", (RBool "ready", []), -1, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["is_ready"]])],
   "is ready to accept commands",
   "\
This returns true iff this handle is ready to accept commands
(in the C<READY> state).

For more information on states, see L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("is_config", (RBool "config", []), -1, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["is_config"]])],
   "is in configuration state",
   "\
This returns true iff this handle is being configured
(in the C<CONFIG> state).

For more information on states, see L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("is_launching", (RBool "launching", []), -1, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["is_launching"]])],
   "is launching subprocess",
   "\
This returns true iff this handle is launching the subprocess
(in the C<LAUNCHING> state).

For more information on states, see L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("is_busy", (RBool "busy", []), -1, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["is_busy"]])],
   "is busy processing a command",
   "\
This returns true iff this handle is busy processing a command
(in the C<BUSY> state).

For more information on states, see L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("get_state", (RInt "state", []), -1, [],
   [],
   "get the current state",
   "\
This returns the current state as an opaque integer.  This is
only useful for printing debug and internal error messages.

For more information on states, see L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("set_memsize", (RErr, [Int "memsize"]), -1, [FishAlias "memsize"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["set_memsize"; "500"];
       ["get_memsize"]], 500)],
   "set memory allocated to the qemu subprocess",
   "\
This sets the memory size in megabytes allocated to the
qemu subprocess.  This only has any effect if called before
C<guestfs_launch>.

You can also change this by setting the environment
variable C<LIBGUESTFS_MEMSIZE> before the handle is
created.

For more information on the architecture of libguestfs,
see L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("get_memsize", (RInt "memsize", []), -1, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputIntOp (
      [["get_memsize"]], ">=", 256)],
   "get memory allocated to the qemu subprocess",
   "\
This gets the memory size in megabytes allocated to the
qemu subprocess.

If C<guestfs_set_memsize> was not called
on this handle, and if C<LIBGUESTFS_MEMSIZE> was not set,
then this returns the compiled-in default value for memsize.

For more information on the architecture of libguestfs,
see L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("get_pid", (RInt "pid", []), -1, [FishAlias "pid"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputIntOp (
      [["get_pid"]], ">=", 1)],
   "get PID of qemu subprocess",
   "\
Return the process ID of the qemu subprocess.  If there is no
qemu subprocess, then this will return an error.

This is an internal call used for debugging and testing.");

  ("version", (RStruct ("version", "version"), []), -1, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["version"]], [CompareWithInt ("major", 1)])],
   "get the library version number",
   "\
Return the libguestfs version number that the program is linked
against.

Note that because of dynamic linking this is not necessarily
the version of libguestfs that you compiled against.  You can
compile the program, and then at runtime dynamically link
against a completely different C<libguestfs.so> library.

This call was added in version C<1.0.58>.  In previous
versions of libguestfs there was no way to get the version
number.  From C code you can use ELF weak linking tricks to find out if
this symbol exists (if it doesn't, then it's an earlier version).

The call returns a structure with four elements.  The first
three (C<major>, C<minor> and C<release>) are numbers and
correspond to the usual version triplet.  The fourth element
(C<extra>) is a string and is normally empty, but may be
used for distro-specific information.

To construct the original version string:
C<$major.$minor.$release$extra>

I<Note:> Don't use this call to test for availability
of features.  Distro backports makes this unreliable.  Use
C<guestfs_available> instead.");

  ("set_selinux", (RErr, [Bool "selinux"]), -1, [FishAlias "selinux"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["set_selinux"; "true"];
       ["get_selinux"]])],
   "set SELinux enabled or disabled at appliance boot",
   "\
This sets the selinux flag that is passed to the appliance
at boot time.  The default is C<selinux=0> (disabled).

Note that if SELinux is enabled, it is always in
Permissive mode (C<enforcing=0>).

For more information on the architecture of libguestfs,
see L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("get_selinux", (RBool "selinux", []), -1, [],
   [],
   "get SELinux enabled flag",
   "\
This returns the current setting of the selinux flag which
is passed to the appliance at boot time.  See C<guestfs_set_selinux>.

For more information on the architecture of libguestfs,
see L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("set_trace", (RErr, [Bool "trace"]), -1, [FishAlias "trace"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["set_trace"; "false"];
       ["get_trace"]])],
   "enable or disable command traces",
   "\
If the command trace flag is set to 1, then commands are
printed on stdout before they are executed in a format
which is very similar to the one used by guestfish.  In
other words, you can run a program with this enabled, and
you will get out a script which you can feed to guestfish
to perform the same set of actions.

If you want to trace C API calls into libguestfs (and
other libraries) then possibly a better way is to use
the external ltrace(1) command.

Command traces are disabled unless the environment variable
C<LIBGUESTFS_TRACE> is defined and set to C<1>.");

  ("get_trace", (RBool "trace", []), -1, [],
   [],
   "get command trace enabled flag",
   "\
Return the command trace flag.");

  ("set_direct", (RErr, [Bool "direct"]), -1, [FishAlias "direct"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["set_direct"; "false"];
       ["get_direct"]])],
   "enable or disable direct appliance mode",
   "\
If the direct appliance mode flag is enabled, then stdin and
stdout are passed directly through to the appliance once it
is launched.

One consequence of this is that log messages aren't caught
by the library and handled by C<guestfs_set_log_message_callback>,
but go straight to stdout.

You probably don't want to use this unless you know what you
are doing.

The default is disabled.");

  ("get_direct", (RBool "direct", []), -1, [],
   [],
   "get direct appliance mode flag",
   "\
Return the direct appliance mode flag.");

  ("set_recovery_proc", (RErr, [Bool "recoveryproc"]), -1, [FishAlias "recovery-proc"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["set_recovery_proc"; "true"];
       ["get_recovery_proc"]])],
   "enable or disable the recovery process",
   "\
If this is called with the parameter C<false> then
C<guestfs_launch> does not create a recovery process.  The
purpose of the recovery process is to stop runaway qemu
processes in the case where the main program aborts abruptly.

This only has any effect if called before C<guestfs_launch>,
and the default is true.

About the only time when you would want to disable this is
if the main process will fork itself into the background
(\"daemonize\" itself).  In this case the recovery process
thinks that the main program has disappeared and so kills
qemu, which is not very helpful.");

  ("get_recovery_proc", (RBool "recoveryproc", []), -1, [],
   [],
   "get recovery process enabled flag",
   "\
Return the recovery process enabled flag.");

  ("add_drive_with_if", (RErr, [String "filename"; String "iface"]), -1, [],
   [],
   "add a drive specifying the QEMU block emulation to use",
   "\
This is the same as C<guestfs_add_drive> but it allows you
to specify the QEMU interface emulation to use at run time.");

  ("add_drive_ro_with_if", (RErr, [String "filename"; String "iface"]), -1, [],
   [],
   "add a drive read-only specifying the QEMU block emulation to use",
   "\
This is the same as C<guestfs_add_drive_ro> but it allows you
to specify the QEMU interface emulation to use at run time.");

]

(* daemon_functions are any functions which cause some action
 * to take place in the daemon.
 *)

let daemon_functions = [
  ("mount", (RErr, [Device "device"; String "mountpoint"]), 1, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutput (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mount"; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["write_file"; "/new"; "new file contents"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "new file contents")],
   "mount a guest disk at a position in the filesystem",
   "\
Mount a guest disk at a position in the filesystem.  Block devices
are named C</dev/sda>, C</dev/sdb> and so on, as they were added to
the guest.  If those block devices contain partitions, they will have
the usual names (eg. C</dev/sda1>).  Also LVM C</dev/VG/LV>-style
names can be used.

The rules are the same as for L<mount(2)>:  A filesystem must
first be mounted on C</> before others can be mounted.  Other
filesystems can only be mounted on directories which already
exist.

The mounted filesystem is writable, if we have sufficient permissions
on the underlying device.

The filesystem options C<sync> and C<noatime> are set with this
call, in order to improve reliability.");

  ("sync", (RErr, []), 2, [],
   [ InitEmpty, Always, TestRun [["sync"]]],
   "sync disks, writes are flushed through to the disk image",
   "\
This syncs the disk, so that any writes are flushed through to the
underlying disk image.

You should always call this if you have modified a disk image, before
closing the handle.");

  ("touch", (RErr, [Pathname "path"]), 3, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["touch"; "/new"];
       ["exists"; "/new"]])],
   "update file timestamps or create a new file",
   "\
Touch acts like the L<touch(1)> command.  It can be used to
update the timestamps on a file, or, if the file does not exist,
to create a new zero-length file.");

  ("cat", (RString "content", [Pathname "path"]), 4, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["cat"; "/known-2"]], "abcdef\n")],
   "list the contents of a file",
   "\
Return the contents of the file named C<path>.

Note that this function cannot correctly handle binary files
(specifically, files containing C<\\0> character which is treated
as end of string).  For those you need to use the C<guestfs_read_file>
or C<guestfs_download> functions which have a more complex interface.");

  ("ll", (RString "listing", [Pathname "directory"]), 5, [],
   [], (* XXX Tricky to test because it depends on the exact format
        * of the 'ls -l' command, which changes between F10 and F11.
        *)
   "list the files in a directory (long format)",
   "\
List the files in C<directory> (relative to the root directory,
there is no cwd) in the format of 'ls -la'.

This command is mostly useful for interactive sessions.  It
is I<not> intended that you try to parse the output string.");

  ("ls", (RStringList "listing", [Pathname "directory"]), 6, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["touch"; "/new"];
       ["touch"; "/newer"];
       ["touch"; "/newest"];
       ["ls"; "/"]], ["lost+found"; "new"; "newer"; "newest"])],
   "list the files in a directory",
   "\
List the files in C<directory> (relative to the root directory,
there is no cwd).  The '.' and '..' entries are not returned, but
hidden files are shown.

This command is mostly useful for interactive sessions.  Programs
should probably use C<guestfs_readdir> instead.");

  ("list_devices", (RStringList "devices", []), 7, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["list_devices"]], ["/dev/sda"; "/dev/sdb"; "/dev/sdc"; "/dev/sdd"])],
   "list the block devices",
   "\
List all the block devices.

The full block device names are returned, eg. C</dev/sda>");

  ("list_partitions", (RStringList "partitions", []), 8, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["list_partitions"]], ["/dev/sda1"]);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,200 ,"];
       ["list_partitions"]], ["/dev/sda1"; "/dev/sda2"; "/dev/sda3"])],
   "list the partitions",
   "\
List all the partitions detected on all block devices.

The full partition device names are returned, eg. C</dev/sda1>

This does not return logical volumes.  For that you will need to
call C<guestfs_lvs>.");

  ("pvs", (RStringList "physvols", []), 9, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitBasicFSonLVM, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["pvs"]], ["/dev/sda1"]);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,200 ,"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda2"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["pvs"]], ["/dev/sda1"; "/dev/sda2"; "/dev/sda3"])],
   "list the LVM physical volumes (PVs)",
   "\
List all the physical volumes detected.  This is the equivalent
of the L<pvs(8)> command.

This returns a list of just the device names that contain
PVs (eg. C</dev/sda2>).

See also C<guestfs_pvs_full>.");

  ("vgs", (RStringList "volgroups", []), 10, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitBasicFSonLVM, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["vgs"]], ["VG"]);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,200 ,"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda2"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG1"; "/dev/sda1 /dev/sda2"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG2"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["vgs"]], ["VG1"; "VG2"])],
   "list the LVM volume groups (VGs)",
   "\
List all the volumes groups detected.  This is the equivalent
of the L<vgs(8)> command.

This returns a list of just the volume group names that were
detected (eg. C<VolGroup00>).

See also C<guestfs_vgs_full>.");

  ("lvs", (RStringList "logvols", []), 11, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitBasicFSonLVM, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["lvs"]], ["/dev/VG/LV"]);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,200 ,"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda2"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG1"; "/dev/sda1 /dev/sda2"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG2"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG1"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG1"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV3"; "VG2"; "50"];
       ["lvs"]], ["/dev/VG1/LV1"; "/dev/VG1/LV2"; "/dev/VG2/LV3"])],
   "list the LVM logical volumes (LVs)",
   "\
List all the logical volumes detected.  This is the equivalent
of the L<lvs(8)> command.

This returns a list of the logical volume device names
(eg. C</dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00>).

See also C<guestfs_lvs_full>.");

  ("pvs_full", (RStructList ("physvols", "lvm_pv"), []), 12, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [], (* XXX how to test? *)
   "list the LVM physical volumes (PVs)",
   "\
List all the physical volumes detected.  This is the equivalent
of the L<pvs(8)> command.  The \"full\" version includes all fields.");

  ("vgs_full", (RStructList ("volgroups", "lvm_vg"), []), 13, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [], (* XXX how to test? *)
   "list the LVM volume groups (VGs)",
   "\
List all the volumes groups detected.  This is the equivalent
of the L<vgs(8)> command.  The \"full\" version includes all fields.");

  ("lvs_full", (RStructList ("logvols", "lvm_lv"), []), 14, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [], (* XXX how to test? *)
   "list the LVM logical volumes (LVs)",
   "\
List all the logical volumes detected.  This is the equivalent
of the L<lvs(8)> command.  The \"full\" version includes all fields.");

  ("read_lines", (RStringList "lines", [Pathname "path"]), 15, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["read_lines"; "/known-4"]], ["abc"; "def"; "ghi"]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["read_lines"; "/empty"]], [])],
   "read file as lines",
   "\
Return the contents of the file named C<path>.

The file contents are returned as a list of lines.  Trailing
C<LF> and C<CRLF> character sequences are I<not> returned.

Note that this function cannot correctly handle binary files
(specifically, files containing C<\\0> character which is treated
as end of line).  For those you need to use the C<guestfs_read_file>
function which has a more complex interface.");

  ("aug_init", (RErr, [Pathname "root"; Int "flags"]), 16, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "create a new Augeas handle",
   "\
Create a new Augeas handle for editing configuration files.
If there was any previous Augeas handle associated with this
guestfs session, then it is closed.

You must call this before using any other C<guestfs_aug_*>
commands.

C<root> is the filesystem root.  C<root> must not be NULL,
use C</> instead.

The flags are the same as the flags defined in
E<lt>augeas.hE<gt>, the logical I<or> of the following
integers:

=over 4

=item C<AUG_SAVE_BACKUP> = 1

Keep the original file with a C<.augsave> extension.

=item C<AUG_SAVE_NEWFILE> = 2

Save changes into a file with extension C<.augnew>, and
do not overwrite original.  Overrides C<AUG_SAVE_BACKUP>.

=item C<AUG_TYPE_CHECK> = 4

Typecheck lenses (can be expensive).

=item C<AUG_NO_STDINC> = 8

Do not use standard load path for modules.

=item C<AUG_SAVE_NOOP> = 16

Make save a no-op, just record what would have been changed.

=item C<AUG_NO_LOAD> = 32

Do not load the tree in C<guestfs_aug_init>.

=back

To close the handle, you can call C<guestfs_aug_close>.

To find out more about Augeas, see L<http://augeas.net/>.");

  ("aug_close", (RErr, []), 26, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "close the current Augeas handle",
   "\
Close the current Augeas handle and free up any resources
used by it.  After calling this, you have to call
C<guestfs_aug_init> again before you can use any other
Augeas functions.");

  ("aug_defvar", (RInt "nrnodes", [String "name"; OptString "expr"]), 17, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "define an Augeas variable",
   "\
Defines an Augeas variable C<name> whose value is the result
of evaluating C<expr>.  If C<expr> is NULL, then C<name> is
undefined.

On success this returns the number of nodes in C<expr>, or
C<0> if C<expr> evaluates to something which is not a nodeset.");

  ("aug_defnode", (RStruct ("nrnodescreated", "int_bool"), [String "name"; String "expr"; String "val"]), 18, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "define an Augeas node",
   "\
Defines a variable C<name> whose value is the result of
evaluating C<expr>.

If C<expr> evaluates to an empty nodeset, a node is created,
equivalent to calling C<guestfs_aug_set> C<expr>, C<value>.
C<name> will be the nodeset containing that single node.

On success this returns a pair containing the
number of nodes in the nodeset, and a boolean flag
if a node was created.");

  ("aug_get", (RString "val", [String "augpath"]), 19, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "look up the value of an Augeas path",
   "\
Look up the value associated with C<path>.  If C<path>
matches exactly one node, the C<value> is returned.");

  ("aug_set", (RErr, [String "augpath"; String "val"]), 20, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "set Augeas path to value",
   "\
Set the value associated with C<path> to C<val>.

In the Augeas API, it is possible to clear a node by setting
the value to NULL.  Due to an oversight in the libguestfs API
you cannot do that with this call.  Instead you must use the
C<guestfs_aug_clear> call.");

  ("aug_insert", (RErr, [String "augpath"; String "label"; Bool "before"]), 21, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "insert a sibling Augeas node",
   "\
Create a new sibling C<label> for C<path>, inserting it into
the tree before or after C<path> (depending on the boolean
flag C<before>).

C<path> must match exactly one existing node in the tree, and
C<label> must be a label, ie. not contain C</>, C<*> or end
with a bracketed index C<[N]>.");

  ("aug_rm", (RInt "nrnodes", [String "augpath"]), 22, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "remove an Augeas path",
   "\
Remove C<path> and all of its children.

On success this returns the number of entries which were removed.");

  ("aug_mv", (RErr, [String "src"; String "dest"]), 23, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "move Augeas node",
   "\
Move the node C<src> to C<dest>.  C<src> must match exactly
one node.  C<dest> is overwritten if it exists.");

  ("aug_match", (RStringList "matches", [String "augpath"]), 24, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "return Augeas nodes which match augpath",
   "\
Returns a list of paths which match the path expression C<path>.
The returned paths are sufficiently qualified so that they match
exactly one node in the current tree.");

  ("aug_save", (RErr, []), 25, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "write all pending Augeas changes to disk",
   "\
This writes all pending changes to disk.

The flags which were passed to C<guestfs_aug_init> affect exactly
how files are saved.");

  ("aug_load", (RErr, []), 27, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "load files into the tree",
   "\
Load files into the tree.

See C<aug_load> in the Augeas documentation for the full gory
details.");

  ("aug_ls", (RStringList "matches", [String "augpath"]), 28, [Optional "augeas"],
   [], (* XXX Augeas code needs tests. *)
   "list Augeas nodes under augpath",
   "\
This is just a shortcut for listing C<guestfs_aug_match>
C<path/*> and sorting the resulting nodes into alphabetical order.");

  ("rm", (RErr, [Pathname "path"]), 29, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestRun
      [["touch"; "/new"];
       ["rm"; "/new"]];
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestLastFail
      [["rm"; "/new"]];
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestLastFail
      [["mkdir"; "/new"];
       ["rm"; "/new"]]],
   "remove a file",
   "\
Remove the single file C<path>.");

  ("rmdir", (RErr, [Pathname "path"]), 30, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestRun
      [["mkdir"; "/new"];
       ["rmdir"; "/new"]];
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestLastFail
      [["rmdir"; "/new"]];
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestLastFail
      [["touch"; "/new"];
       ["rmdir"; "/new"]]],
   "remove a directory",
   "\
Remove the single directory C<path>.");

  ("rm_rf", (RErr, [Pathname "path"]), 31, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputFalse
      [["mkdir"; "/new"];
       ["mkdir"; "/new/foo"];
       ["touch"; "/new/foo/bar"];
       ["rm_rf"; "/new"];
       ["exists"; "/new"]]],
   "remove a file or directory recursively",
   "\
Remove the file or directory C<path>, recursively removing the
contents if its a directory.  This is like the C<rm -rf> shell
command.");

  ("mkdir", (RErr, [Pathname "path"]), 32, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputTrue
      [["mkdir"; "/new"];
       ["is_dir"; "/new"]];
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestLastFail
      [["mkdir"; "/new/foo/bar"]]],
   "create a directory",
   "\
Create a directory named C<path>.");

  ("mkdir_p", (RErr, [Pathname "path"]), 33, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputTrue
      [["mkdir_p"; "/new/foo/bar"];
       ["is_dir"; "/new/foo/bar"]];
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputTrue
      [["mkdir_p"; "/new/foo/bar"];
       ["is_dir"; "/new/foo"]];
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputTrue
      [["mkdir_p"; "/new/foo/bar"];
       ["is_dir"; "/new"]];
    (* Regression tests for RHBZ#503133: *)
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestRun
      [["mkdir"; "/new"];
       ["mkdir_p"; "/new"]];
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestLastFail
      [["touch"; "/new"];
       ["mkdir_p"; "/new"]]],
   "create a directory and parents",
   "\
Create a directory named C<path>, creating any parent directories
as necessary.  This is like the C<mkdir -p> shell command.");

  ("chmod", (RErr, [Int "mode"; Pathname "path"]), 34, [],
   [], (* XXX Need stat command to test *)
   "change file mode",
   "\
Change the mode (permissions) of C<path> to C<mode>.  Only
numeric modes are supported.

I<Note>: When using this command from guestfish, C<mode>
by default would be decimal, unless you prefix it with
C<0> to get octal, ie. use C<0700> not C<700>.

The mode actually set is affected by the umask.");

  ("chown", (RErr, [Int "owner"; Int "group"; Pathname "path"]), 35, [],
   [], (* XXX Need stat command to test *)
   "change file owner and group",
   "\
Change the file owner to C<owner> and group to C<group>.

Only numeric uid and gid are supported.  If you want to use
names, you will need to locate and parse the password file
yourself (Augeas support makes this relatively easy).");

  ("exists", (RBool "existsflag", [Pathname "path"]), 36, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["exists"; "/empty"]]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["exists"; "/directory"]])],
   "test if file or directory exists",
   "\
This returns C<true> if and only if there is a file, directory
(or anything) with the given C<path> name.

See also C<guestfs_is_file>, C<guestfs_is_dir>, C<guestfs_stat>.");

  ("is_file", (RBool "fileflag", [Pathname "path"]), 37, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["is_file"; "/known-1"]]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["is_file"; "/directory"]])],
   "test if file exists",
   "\
This returns C<true> if and only if there is a file
with the given C<path> name.  Note that it returns false for
other objects like directories.

See also C<guestfs_stat>.");

  ("is_dir", (RBool "dirflag", [Pathname "path"]), 38, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["is_dir"; "/known-3"]]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["is_dir"; "/directory"]])],
   "test if file exists",
   "\
This returns C<true> if and only if there is a directory
with the given C<path> name.  Note that it returns false for
other objects like files.

See also C<guestfs_stat>.");

  ("pvcreate", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 39, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,200 ,"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda2"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["pvs"]], ["/dev/sda1"; "/dev/sda2"; "/dev/sda3"])],
   "create an LVM physical volume",
   "\
This creates an LVM physical volume on the named C<device>,
where C<device> should usually be a partition name such
as C</dev/sda1>.");

  ("vgcreate", (RErr, [String "volgroup"; DeviceList "physvols"]), 40, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,200 ,"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda2"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG1"; "/dev/sda1 /dev/sda2"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG2"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["vgs"]], ["VG1"; "VG2"])],
   "create an LVM volume group",
   "\
This creates an LVM volume group called C<volgroup>
from the non-empty list of physical volumes C<physvols>.");

  ("lvcreate", (RErr, [String "logvol"; String "volgroup"; Int "mbytes"]), 41, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,200 ,"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda2"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG1"; "/dev/sda1 /dev/sda2"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG2"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG1"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG1"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV3"; "VG2"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV4"; "VG2"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV5"; "VG2"; "50"];
       ["lvs"]],
      ["/dev/VG1/LV1"; "/dev/VG1/LV2";
       "/dev/VG2/LV3"; "/dev/VG2/LV4"; "/dev/VG2/LV5"])],
   "create an LVM logical volume",
   "\
This creates an LVM logical volume called C<logvol>
on the volume group C<volgroup>, with C<size> megabytes.");

  ("mkfs", (RErr, [String "fstype"; Device "device"]), 42, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutput (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["write_file"; "/new"; "new file contents"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "new file contents")],
   "make a filesystem",
   "\
This creates a filesystem on C<device> (usually a partition
or LVM logical volume).  The filesystem type is C<fstype>, for
example C<ext3>.");

  ("sfdisk", (RErr, [Device "device";
                     Int "cyls"; Int "heads"; Int "sectors";
                     StringList "lines"]), 43, [DangerWillRobinson],
   [],
   "create partitions on a block device",
   "\
This is a direct interface to the L<sfdisk(8)> program for creating
partitions on block devices.

C<device> should be a block device, for example C</dev/sda>.

C<cyls>, C<heads> and C<sectors> are the number of cylinders, heads
and sectors on the device, which are passed directly to sfdisk as
the I<-C>, I<-H> and I<-S> parameters.  If you pass C<0> for any
of these, then the corresponding parameter is omitted.  Usually for
'large' disks, you can just pass C<0> for these, but for small
(floppy-sized) disks, sfdisk (or rather, the kernel) cannot work
out the right geometry and you will need to tell it.

C<lines> is a list of lines that we feed to C<sfdisk>.  For more
information refer to the L<sfdisk(8)> manpage.

To create a single partition occupying the whole disk, you would
pass C<lines> as a single element list, when the single element being
the string C<,> (comma).

See also: C<guestfs_sfdisk_l>, C<guestfs_sfdisk_N>,
C<guestfs_part_init>");

  ("write_file", (RErr, [Pathname "path"; String "content"; Int "size"]), 44, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/new"; "new file contents"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "new file contents");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/new"; "\nnew file contents\n"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "\nnew file contents\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/new"; "\n\n"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "\n\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/new"; ""; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/new"; "\n\n\n"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "\n\n\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/new"; "\n"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "\n")],
   "create a file",
   "\
This call creates a file called C<path>.  The contents of the
file is the string C<content> (which can contain any 8 bit data),
with length C<size>.

As a special case, if C<size> is C<0>
then the length is calculated using C<strlen> (so in this case
the content cannot contain embedded ASCII NULs).

I<NB.> Owing to a bug, writing content containing ASCII NUL
characters does I<not> work, even if the length is specified.
We hope to resolve this bug in a future version.  In the meantime
use C<guestfs_upload>.");

  ("umount", (RErr, [String "pathordevice"]), 45, [FishAlias "unmount"],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["mounts"]], ["/dev/sda1"]);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["umount"; "/"];
       ["mounts"]], [])],
   "unmount a filesystem",
   "\
This unmounts the given filesystem.  The filesystem may be
specified either by its mountpoint (path) or the device which
contains the filesystem.");

  ("mounts", (RStringList "devices", []), 46, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["mounts"]], ["/dev/sda1"])],
   "show mounted filesystems",
   "\
This returns the list of currently mounted filesystems.  It returns
the list of devices (eg. C</dev/sda1>, C</dev/VG/LV>).

Some internal mounts are not shown.

See also: C<guestfs_mountpoints>");

  ("umount_all", (RErr, []), 47, [FishAlias "unmount-all"],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["umount_all"];
       ["mounts"]], []);
    (* check that umount_all can unmount nested mounts correctly: *)
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,200 ,"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda2"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda3"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["mkdir"; "/mp1"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda2"; "/mp1"];
       ["mkdir"; "/mp1/mp2"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda3"; "/mp1/mp2"];
       ["mkdir"; "/mp1/mp2/mp3"];
       ["umount_all"];
       ["mounts"]], [])],
   "unmount all filesystems",
   "\
This unmounts all mounted filesystems.

Some internal mounts are not unmounted by this call.");

  ("lvm_remove_all", (RErr, []), 48, [DangerWillRobinson; Optional "lvm2"],
   [],
   "remove all LVM LVs, VGs and PVs",
   "\
This command removes all LVM logical volumes, volume groups
and physical volumes.");

  ("file", (RString "description", [Dev_or_Path "path"]), 49, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["file"; "/empty"]], "empty");
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["file"; "/known-1"]], "ASCII text");
    InitISOFS, Always, TestLastFail (
      [["file"; "/notexists"]])],
   "determine file type",
   "\
This call uses the standard L<file(1)> command to determine
the type or contents of the file.  This also works on devices,
for example to find out whether a partition contains a filesystem.

This call will also transparently look inside various types
of compressed file.

The exact command which runs is C<file -zbsL path>.  Note in
particular that the filename is not prepended to the output
(the C<-b> option).");

  ("command", (RString "output", [StringList "arguments"]), 50, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 1"]], "Result1");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 2"]], "Result2\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 3"]], "\nResult3");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 4"]], "\nResult4\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 5"]], "\nResult5\n\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 6"]], "\n\nResult6\n\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 7"]], "");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 8"]], "\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 9"]], "\n\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 10"]], "Result10-1\nResult10-2\n");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command 11"]], "Result11-1\nResult11-2");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestLastFail (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command"; "/test-command"]])],
   "run a command from the guest filesystem",
   "\
This call runs a command from the guest filesystem.  The
filesystem must be mounted, and must contain a compatible
operating system (ie. something Linux, with the same
or compatible processor architecture).

The single parameter is an argv-style list of arguments.
The first element is the name of the program to run.
Subsequent elements are parameters.  The list must be
non-empty (ie. must contain a program name).  Note that
the command runs directly, and is I<not> invoked via
the shell (see C<guestfs_sh>).

The return value is anything printed to I<stdout> by
the command.

If the command returns a non-zero exit status, then
this function returns an error message.  The error message
string is the content of I<stderr> from the command.

The C<$PATH> environment variable will contain at least
C</usr/bin> and C</bin>.  If you require a program from
another location, you should provide the full path in the
first parameter.

Shared libraries and data files required by the program
must be available on filesystems which are mounted in the
correct places.  It is the caller's responsibility to ensure
all filesystems that are needed are mounted at the right
locations.");

  ("command_lines", (RStringList "lines", [StringList "arguments"]), 51, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 1"]], ["Result1"]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 2"]], ["Result2"]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 3"]], ["";"Result3"]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 4"]], ["";"Result4"]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 5"]], ["";"Result5";""]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 6"]], ["";"";"Result6";""]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 7"]], []);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 8"]], [""]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 9"]], ["";""]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 10"]], ["Result10-1";"Result10-2"]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["upload"; "test-command"; "/test-command"];
       ["chmod"; "0o755"; "/test-command"];
       ["command_lines"; "/test-command 11"]], ["Result11-1";"Result11-2"])],
   "run a command, returning lines",
   "\
This is the same as C<guestfs_command>, but splits the
result into a list of lines.

See also: C<guestfs_sh_lines>");

  ("stat", (RStruct ("statbuf", "stat"), [Pathname "path"]), 52, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["stat"; "/empty"]], [CompareWithInt ("size", 0)])],
   "get file information",
   "\
Returns file information for the given C<path>.

This is the same as the C<stat(2)> system call.");

  ("lstat", (RStruct ("statbuf", "stat"), [Pathname "path"]), 53, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["lstat"; "/empty"]], [CompareWithInt ("size", 0)])],
   "get file information for a symbolic link",
   "\
Returns file information for the given C<path>.

This is the same as C<guestfs_stat> except that if C<path>
is a symbolic link, then the link is stat-ed, not the file it
refers to.

This is the same as the C<lstat(2)> system call.");

  ("statvfs", (RStruct ("statbuf", "statvfs"), [Pathname "path"]), 54, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["statvfs"; "/"]], [CompareWithInt ("namemax", 255)])],
   "get file system statistics",
   "\
Returns file system statistics for any mounted file system.
C<path> should be a file or directory in the mounted file system
(typically it is the mount point itself, but it doesn't need to be).

This is the same as the C<statvfs(2)> system call.");

  ("tune2fs_l", (RHashtable "superblock", [Device "device"]), 55, [],
   [], (* XXX test *)
   "get ext2/ext3/ext4 superblock details",
   "\
This returns the contents of the ext2, ext3 or ext4 filesystem
superblock on C<device>.

It is the same as running C<tune2fs -l device>.  See L<tune2fs(8)>
manpage for more details.  The list of fields returned isn't
clearly defined, and depends on both the version of C<tune2fs>
that libguestfs was built against, and the filesystem itself.");

  ("blockdev_setro", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 56, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["blockdev_setro"; "/dev/sda"];
       ["blockdev_getro"; "/dev/sda"]])],
   "set block device to read-only",
   "\
Sets the block device named C<device> to read-only.

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("blockdev_setrw", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 57, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["blockdev_setrw"; "/dev/sda"];
       ["blockdev_getro"; "/dev/sda"]])],
   "set block device to read-write",
   "\
Sets the block device named C<device> to read-write.

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("blockdev_getro", (RBool "ro", [Device "device"]), 58, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["blockdev_setro"; "/dev/sda"];
       ["blockdev_getro"; "/dev/sda"]])],
   "is block device set to read-only",
   "\
Returns a boolean indicating if the block device is read-only
(true if read-only, false if not).

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("blockdev_getss", (RInt "sectorsize", [Device "device"]), 59, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["blockdev_getss"; "/dev/sda"]], 512)],
   "get sectorsize of block device",
   "\
This returns the size of sectors on a block device.
Usually 512, but can be larger for modern devices.

(Note, this is not the size in sectors, use C<guestfs_blockdev_getsz>
for that).

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("blockdev_getbsz", (RInt "blocksize", [Device "device"]), 60, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["blockdev_getbsz"; "/dev/sda"]], 4096)],
   "get blocksize of block device",
   "\
This returns the block size of a device.

(Note this is different from both I<size in blocks> and
I<filesystem block size>).

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("blockdev_setbsz", (RErr, [Device "device"; Int "blocksize"]), 61, [],
   [], (* XXX test *)
   "set blocksize of block device",
   "\
This sets the block size of a device.

(Note this is different from both I<size in blocks> and
I<filesystem block size>).

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("blockdev_getsz", (RInt64 "sizeinsectors", [Device "device"]), 62, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["blockdev_getsz"; "/dev/sda"]], 1024000)],
   "get total size of device in 512-byte sectors",
   "\
This returns the size of the device in units of 512-byte sectors
(even if the sectorsize isn't 512 bytes ... weird).

See also C<guestfs_blockdev_getss> for the real sector size of
the device, and C<guestfs_blockdev_getsize64> for the more
useful I<size in bytes>.

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("blockdev_getsize64", (RInt64 "sizeinbytes", [Device "device"]), 63, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["blockdev_getsize64"; "/dev/sda"]], 524288000)],
   "get total size of device in bytes",
   "\
This returns the size of the device in bytes.

See also C<guestfs_blockdev_getsz>.

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("blockdev_flushbufs", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 64, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun
      [["blockdev_flushbufs"; "/dev/sda"]]],
   "flush device buffers",
   "\
This tells the kernel to flush internal buffers associated
with C<device>.

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("blockdev_rereadpt", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 65, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun
      [["blockdev_rereadpt"; "/dev/sda"]]],
   "reread partition table",
   "\
Reread the partition table on C<device>.

This uses the L<blockdev(8)> command.");

  ("upload", (RErr, [FileIn "filename"; Dev_or_Path "remotefilename"]), 66, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      (* Pick a file from cwd which isn't likely to change. *)
      [["upload"; "../COPYING.LIB"; "/COPYING.LIB"];
       ["checksum"; "md5"; "/COPYING.LIB"]],
      Digest.to_hex (Digest.file "COPYING.LIB"))],
   "upload a file from the local machine",
   "\
Upload local file C<filename> to C<remotefilename> on the
filesystem.

C<filename> can also be a named pipe.

See also C<guestfs_download>.");

  ("download", (RErr, [Dev_or_Path "remotefilename"; FileOut "filename"]), 67, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      (* Pick a file from cwd which isn't likely to change. *)
      [["upload"; "../COPYING.LIB"; "/COPYING.LIB"];
       ["download"; "/COPYING.LIB"; "testdownload.tmp"];
       ["upload"; "testdownload.tmp"; "/upload"];
       ["checksum"; "md5"; "/upload"]],
      Digest.to_hex (Digest.file "COPYING.LIB"))],
   "download a file to the local machine",
   "\
Download file C<remotefilename> and save it as C<filename>
on the local machine.

C<filename> can also be a named pipe.

See also C<guestfs_upload>, C<guestfs_cat>.");

  ("checksum", (RString "checksum", [String "csumtype"; Pathname "path"]), 68, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["checksum"; "crc"; "/known-3"]], "2891671662");
    InitISOFS, Always, TestLastFail (
      [["checksum"; "crc"; "/notexists"]]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["checksum"; "md5"; "/known-3"]], "46d6ca27ee07cdc6fa99c2e138cc522c");
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["checksum"; "sha1"; "/known-3"]], "b7ebccc3ee418311091c3eda0a45b83c0a770f15");
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["checksum"; "sha224"; "/known-3"]], "d2cd1774b28f3659c14116be0a6dc2bb5c4b350ce9cd5defac707741");
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["checksum"; "sha256"; "/known-3"]], "75bb71b90cd20cb13f86d2bea8dad63ac7194e7517c3b52b8d06ff52d3487d30");
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["checksum"; "sha384"; "/known-3"]], "5fa7883430f357b5d7b7271d3a1d2872b51d73cba72731de6863d3dea55f30646af2799bef44d5ea776a5ec7941ac640");
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["checksum"; "sha512"; "/known-3"]], "2794062c328c6b216dca90443b7f7134c5f40e56bd0ed7853123275a09982a6f992e6ca682f9d2fba34a4c5e870d8fe077694ff831e3032a004ee077e00603f6")],
   "compute MD5, SHAx or CRC checksum of file",
   "\
This call computes the MD5, SHAx or CRC checksum of the
file named C<path>.

The type of checksum to compute is given by the C<csumtype>
parameter which must have one of the following values:

=over 4

=item C<crc>

Compute the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) specified by POSIX
for the C<cksum> command.

=item C<md5>

Compute the MD5 hash (using the C<md5sum> program).

=item C<sha1>

Compute the SHA1 hash (using the C<sha1sum> program).

=item C<sha224>

Compute the SHA224 hash (using the C<sha224sum> program).

=item C<sha256>

Compute the SHA256 hash (using the C<sha256sum> program).

=item C<sha384>

Compute the SHA384 hash (using the C<sha384sum> program).

=item C<sha512>

Compute the SHA512 hash (using the C<sha512sum> program).

=back

The checksum is returned as a printable string.

To get the checksum for a device, use C<guestfs_checksum_device>.

To get the checksums for many files, use C<guestfs_checksums_out>.");

  ("tar_in", (RErr, [FileIn "tarfile"; Pathname "directory"]), 69, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["tar_in"; "../images/helloworld.tar"; "/"];
       ["cat"; "/hello"]], "hello\n")],
   "unpack tarfile to directory",
   "\
This command uploads and unpacks local file C<tarfile> (an
I<uncompressed> tar file) into C<directory>.

To upload a compressed tarball, use C<guestfs_tgz_in>
or C<guestfs_txz_in>.");

  ("tar_out", (RErr, [String "directory"; FileOut "tarfile"]), 70, [],
   [],
   "pack directory into tarfile",
   "\
This command packs the contents of C<directory> and downloads
it to local file C<tarfile>.

To download a compressed tarball, use C<guestfs_tgz_out>
or C<guestfs_txz_out>.");

  ("tgz_in", (RErr, [FileIn "tarball"; Pathname "directory"]), 71, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["tgz_in"; "../images/helloworld.tar.gz"; "/"];
       ["cat"; "/hello"]], "hello\n")],
   "unpack compressed tarball to directory",
   "\
This command uploads and unpacks local file C<tarball> (a
I<gzip compressed> tar file) into C<directory>.

To upload an uncompressed tarball, use C<guestfs_tar_in>.");

  ("tgz_out", (RErr, [Pathname "directory"; FileOut "tarball"]), 72, [],
   [],
   "pack directory into compressed tarball",
   "\
This command packs the contents of C<directory> and downloads
it to local file C<tarball>.

To download an uncompressed tarball, use C<guestfs_tar_out>.");

  ("mount_ro", (RErr, [Device "device"; String "mountpoint"]), 73, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestLastFail (
      [["umount"; "/"];
       ["mount_ro"; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["touch"; "/new"]]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/new"; "data"; "0"];
       ["umount"; "/"];
       ["mount_ro"; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "data")],
   "mount a guest disk, read-only",
   "\
This is the same as the C<guestfs_mount> command, but it
mounts the filesystem with the read-only (I<-o ro>) flag.");

  ("mount_options", (RErr, [String "options"; Device "device"; String "mountpoint"]), 74, [],
   [],
   "mount a guest disk with mount options",
   "\
This is the same as the C<guestfs_mount> command, but it
allows you to set the mount options as for the
L<mount(8)> I<-o> flag.");

  ("mount_vfs", (RErr, [String "options"; String "vfstype"; Device "device"; String "mountpoint"]), 75, [],
   [],
   "mount a guest disk with mount options and vfstype",
   "\
This is the same as the C<guestfs_mount> command, but it
allows you to set both the mount options and the vfstype
as for the L<mount(8)> I<-o> and I<-t> flags.");

  ("debug", (RString "result", [String "subcmd"; StringList "extraargs"]), 76, [],
   [],
   "debugging and internals",
   "\
The C<guestfs_debug> command exposes some internals of
C<guestfsd> (the guestfs daemon) that runs inside the
qemu subprocess.

There is no comprehensive help for this command.  You have
to look at the file C<daemon/debug.c> in the libguestfs source
to find out what you can do.");

  ("lvremove", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 77, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvremove"; "/dev/VG/LV1"];
       ["lvs"]], ["/dev/VG/LV2"]);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvremove"; "/dev/VG"];
       ["lvs"]], []);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvremove"; "/dev/VG"];
       ["vgs"]], ["VG"])],
   "remove an LVM logical volume",
   "\
Remove an LVM logical volume C<device>, where C<device> is
the path to the LV, such as C</dev/VG/LV>.

You can also remove all LVs in a volume group by specifying
the VG name, C</dev/VG>.");

  ("vgremove", (RErr, [String "vgname"]), 78, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["vgremove"; "VG"];
       ["lvs"]], []);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["vgremove"; "VG"];
       ["vgs"]], [])],
   "remove an LVM volume group",
   "\
Remove an LVM volume group C<vgname>, (for example C<VG>).

This also forcibly removes all logical volumes in the volume
group (if any).");

  ("pvremove", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 79, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["vgremove"; "VG"];
       ["pvremove"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvs"]], []);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["vgremove"; "VG"];
       ["pvremove"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgs"]], []);
    InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputListOfDevices (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV1"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV2"; "VG"; "50"];
       ["vgremove"; "VG"];
       ["pvremove"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["pvs"]], [])],
   "remove an LVM physical volume",
   "\
This wipes a physical volume C<device> so that LVM will no longer
recognise it.

The implementation uses the C<pvremove> command which refuses to
wipe physical volumes that contain any volume groups, so you have
to remove those first.");

  ("set_e2label", (RErr, [Device "device"; String "label"]), 80, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["set_e2label"; "/dev/sda1"; "testlabel"];
       ["get_e2label"; "/dev/sda1"]], "testlabel")],
   "set the ext2/3/4 filesystem label",
   "\
This sets the ext2/3/4 filesystem label of the filesystem on
C<device> to C<label>.  Filesystem labels are limited to
16 characters.

You can use either C<guestfs_tune2fs_l> or C<guestfs_get_e2label>
to return the existing label on a filesystem.");

  ("get_e2label", (RString "label", [Device "device"]), 81, [],
   [],
   "get the ext2/3/4 filesystem label",
   "\
This returns the ext2/3/4 filesystem label of the filesystem on
C<device>.");

  ("set_e2uuid", (RErr, [Device "device"; String "uuid"]), 82, [],
   (let uuid = uuidgen () in
    [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
       [["set_e2uuid"; "/dev/sda1"; uuid];
        ["get_e2uuid"; "/dev/sda1"]], uuid);
     InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
       [["set_e2uuid"; "/dev/sda1"; "clear"];
        ["get_e2uuid"; "/dev/sda1"]], "");
     (* We can't predict what UUIDs will be, so just check the commands run. *)
     InitBasicFS, Always, TestRun (
       [["set_e2uuid"; "/dev/sda1"; "random"]]);
     InitBasicFS, Always, TestRun (
       [["set_e2uuid"; "/dev/sda1"; "time"]])]),
   "set the ext2/3/4 filesystem UUID",
   "\
This sets the ext2/3/4 filesystem UUID of the filesystem on
C<device> to C<uuid>.  The format of the UUID and alternatives
such as C<clear>, C<random> and C<time> are described in the
L<tune2fs(8)> manpage.

You can use either C<guestfs_tune2fs_l> or C<guestfs_get_e2uuid>
to return the existing UUID of a filesystem.");

  ("get_e2uuid", (RString "uuid", [Device "device"]), 83, [],
   [],
   "get the ext2/3/4 filesystem UUID",
   "\
This returns the ext2/3/4 filesystem UUID of the filesystem on
C<device>.");

  ("fsck", (RInt "status", [String "fstype"; Device "device"]), 84, [FishOutput FishOutputHexadecimal],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["umount"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["fsck"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda1"]], 0);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["umount"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["zero"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["fsck"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda1"]], 8)],
   "run the filesystem checker",
   "\
This runs the filesystem checker (fsck) on C<device> which
should have filesystem type C<fstype>.

The returned integer is the status.  See L<fsck(8)> for the
list of status codes from C<fsck>.

Notes:

=over 4

=item *

Multiple status codes can be summed together.

=item *

A non-zero return code can mean \"success\", for example if
errors have been corrected on the filesystem.

=item *

Checking or repairing NTFS volumes is not supported
(by linux-ntfs).

=back

This command is entirely equivalent to running C<fsck -a -t fstype device>.");

  ("zero", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 85, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["umount"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["zero"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["file"; "/dev/sda1"]], "data")],
   "write zeroes to the device",
   "\
This command writes zeroes over the first few blocks of C<device>.

How many blocks are zeroed isn't specified (but it's I<not> enough
to securely wipe the device).  It should be sufficient to remove
any partition tables, filesystem superblocks and so on.

See also: C<guestfs_zero_device>, C<guestfs_scrub_device>.");

  ("grub_install", (RErr, [Pathname "root"; Device "device"]), 86, [],
   (* Test disabled because grub-install incompatible with virtio-blk driver.
    * See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=479760
    *)
   [InitBasicFS, Disabled, TestOutputTrue (
      [["grub_install"; "/"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["is_dir"; "/boot"]])],
   "install GRUB",
   "\
This command installs GRUB (the Grand Unified Bootloader) on
C<device>, with the root directory being C<root>.");

  ("cp", (RErr, [Pathname "src"; Pathname "dest"]), 87, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/old"; "file content"; "0"];
       ["cp"; "/old"; "/new"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "file content");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["write_file"; "/old"; "file content"; "0"];
       ["cp"; "/old"; "/new"];
       ["is_file"; "/old"]]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/old"; "file content"; "0"];
       ["mkdir"; "/dir"];
       ["cp"; "/old"; "/dir/new"];
       ["cat"; "/dir/new"]], "file content")],
   "copy a file",
   "\
This copies a file from C<src> to C<dest> where C<dest> is
either a destination filename or destination directory.");

  ("cp_a", (RErr, [Pathname "src"; Pathname "dest"]), 88, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["mkdir"; "/olddir"];
       ["mkdir"; "/newdir"];
       ["write_file"; "/olddir/file"; "file content"; "0"];
       ["cp_a"; "/olddir"; "/newdir"];
       ["cat"; "/newdir/olddir/file"]], "file content")],
   "copy a file or directory recursively",
   "\
This copies a file or directory from C<src> to C<dest>
recursively using the C<cp -a> command.");

  ("mv", (RErr, [Pathname "src"; Pathname "dest"]), 89, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["write_file"; "/old"; "file content"; "0"];
       ["mv"; "/old"; "/new"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "file content");
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["write_file"; "/old"; "file content"; "0"];
       ["mv"; "/old"; "/new"];
       ["is_file"; "/old"]])],
   "move a file",
   "\
This moves a file from C<src> to C<dest> where C<dest> is
either a destination filename or destination directory.");

  ("drop_caches", (RErr, [Int "whattodrop"]), 90, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun (
      [["drop_caches"; "3"]])],
   "drop kernel page cache, dentries and inodes",
   "\
This instructs the guest kernel to drop its page cache,
and/or dentries and inode caches.  The parameter C<whattodrop>
tells the kernel what precisely to drop, see
L<http://linux-mm.org/Drop_Caches>

Setting C<whattodrop> to 3 should drop everything.

This automatically calls L<sync(2)> before the operation,
so that the maximum guest memory is freed.");

  ("dmesg", (RString "kmsgs", []), 91, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun (
      [["dmesg"]])],
   "return kernel messages",
   "\
This returns the kernel messages (C<dmesg> output) from
the guest kernel.  This is sometimes useful for extended
debugging of problems.

Another way to get the same information is to enable
verbose messages with C<guestfs_set_verbose> or by setting
the environment variable C<LIBGUESTFS_DEBUG=1> before
running the program.");

  ("ping_daemon", (RErr, []), 92, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun (
      [["ping_daemon"]])],
   "ping the guest daemon",
   "\
This is a test probe into the guestfs daemon running inside
the qemu subprocess.  Calling this function checks that the
daemon responds to the ping message, without affecting the daemon
or attached block device(s) in any other way.");

  ("equal", (RBool "equality", [Pathname "file1"; Pathname "file2"]), 93, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputTrue (
      [["write_file"; "/file1"; "contents of a file"; "0"];
       ["cp"; "/file1"; "/file2"];
       ["equal"; "/file1"; "/file2"]]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputFalse (
      [["write_file"; "/file1"; "contents of a file"; "0"];
       ["write_file"; "/file2"; "contents of another file"; "0"];
       ["equal"; "/file1"; "/file2"]]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestLastFail (
      [["equal"; "/file1"; "/file2"]])],
   "test if two files have equal contents",
   "\
This compares the two files C<file1> and C<file2> and returns
true if their content is exactly equal, or false otherwise.

The external L<cmp(1)> program is used for the comparison.");

  ("strings", (RStringList "stringsout", [Pathname "path"]), 94, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["strings"; "/known-5"]], ["abcdefghi"; "jklmnopqr"]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["strings"; "/empty"]], [])],
   "print the printable strings in a file",
   "\
This runs the L<strings(1)> command on a file and returns
the list of printable strings found.");

  ("strings_e", (RStringList "stringsout", [String "encoding"; Pathname "path"]), 95, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["strings_e"; "b"; "/known-5"]], []);
    InitBasicFS, Disabled, TestOutputList (
      [["write_file"; "/new"; "\000h\000e\000l\000l\000o\000\n\000w\000o\000r\000l\000d\000\n"; "24"];
       ["strings_e"; "b"; "/new"]], ["hello"; "world"])],
   "print the printable strings in a file",
   "\
This is like the C<guestfs_strings> command, but allows you to
specify the encoding.

See the L<strings(1)> manpage for the full list of encodings.

Commonly useful encodings are C<l> (lower case L) which will
show strings inside Windows/x86 files.

The returned strings are transcoded to UTF-8.");

  ("hexdump", (RString "dump", [Pathname "path"]), 96, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["hexdump"; "/known-4"]], "00000000  61 62 63 0a 64 65 66 0a  67 68 69                 |abc.def.ghi|\n0000000b\n");
    (* Test for RHBZ#501888c2 regression which caused large hexdump
     * commands to segfault.
     *)
    InitISOFS, Always, TestRun (
      [["hexdump"; "/100krandom"]])],
   "dump a file in hexadecimal",
   "\
This runs C<hexdump -C> on the given C<path>.  The result is
the human-readable, canonical hex dump of the file.");

  ("zerofree", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 97, [Optional "zerofree"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutput (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext3"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["write_file"; "/new"; "test file"; "0"];
       ["umount"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["zerofree"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "test file")],
   "zero unused inodes and disk blocks on ext2/3 filesystem",
   "\
This runs the I<zerofree> program on C<device>.  This program
claims to zero unused inodes and disk blocks on an ext2/3
filesystem, thus making it possible to compress the filesystem
more effectively.

You should B<not> run this program if the filesystem is
mounted.

It is possible that using this program can damage the filesystem
or data on the filesystem.");

  ("pvresize", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 98, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [],
   "resize an LVM physical volume",
   "\
This resizes (expands or shrinks) an existing LVM physical
volume to match the new size of the underlying device.");

  ("sfdisk_N", (RErr, [Device "device"; Int "partnum";
                       Int "cyls"; Int "heads"; Int "sectors";
                       String "line"]), 99, [DangerWillRobinson],
   [],
   "modify a single partition on a block device",
   "\
This runs L<sfdisk(8)> option to modify just the single
partition C<n> (note: C<n> counts from 1).

For other parameters, see C<guestfs_sfdisk>.  You should usually
pass C<0> for the cyls/heads/sectors parameters.

See also: C<guestfs_part_add>");

  ("sfdisk_l", (RString "partitions", [Device "device"]), 100, [],
   [],
   "display the partition table",
   "\
This displays the partition table on C<device>, in the
human-readable output of the L<sfdisk(8)> command.  It is
not intended to be parsed.

See also: C<guestfs_part_list>");

  ("sfdisk_kernel_geometry", (RString "partitions", [Device "device"]), 101, [],
   [],
   "display the kernel geometry",
   "\
This displays the kernel's idea of the geometry of C<device>.

The result is in human-readable format, and not designed to
be parsed.");

  ("sfdisk_disk_geometry", (RString "partitions", [Device "device"]), 102, [],
   [],
   "display the disk geometry from the partition table",
   "\
This displays the disk geometry of C<device> read from the
partition table.  Especially in the case where the underlying
block device has been resized, this can be different from the
kernel's idea of the geometry (see C<guestfs_sfdisk_kernel_geometry>).

The result is in human-readable format, and not designed to
be parsed.");

  ("vg_activate_all", (RErr, [Bool "activate"]), 103, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [],
   "activate or deactivate all volume groups",
   "\
This command activates or (if C<activate> is false) deactivates
all logical volumes in all volume groups.
If activated, then they are made known to the
kernel, ie. they appear as C</dev/mapper> devices.  If deactivated,
then those devices disappear.

This command is the same as running C<vgchange -a y|n>");

  ("vg_activate", (RErr, [Bool "activate"; StringList "volgroups"]), 104, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [],
   "activate or deactivate some volume groups",
   "\
This command activates or (if C<activate> is false) deactivates
all logical volumes in the listed volume groups C<volgroups>.
If activated, then they are made known to the
kernel, ie. they appear as C</dev/mapper> devices.  If deactivated,
then those devices disappear.

This command is the same as running C<vgchange -a y|n volgroups...>

Note that if C<volgroups> is an empty list then B<all> volume groups
are activated or deactivated.");

  ("lvresize", (RErr, [Device "device"; Int "mbytes"]), 105, [Optional "lvm2"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutput (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["pvcreate"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["vgcreate"; "VG"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["lvcreate"; "LV"; "VG"; "10"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext2"; "/dev/VG/LV"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/VG/LV"; "/"];
       ["write_file"; "/new"; "test content"; "0"];
       ["umount"; "/"];
       ["lvresize"; "/dev/VG/LV"; "20"];
       ["e2fsck_f"; "/dev/VG/LV"];
       ["resize2fs"; "/dev/VG/LV"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/VG/LV"; "/"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "test content")],
   "resize an LVM logical volume",
   "\
This resizes (expands or shrinks) an existing LVM logical
volume to C<mbytes>.  When reducing, data in the reduced part
is lost.");

  ("resize2fs", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 106, [],
   [], (* lvresize tests this *)
   "resize an ext2/ext3 filesystem",
   "\
This resizes an ext2 or ext3 filesystem to match the size of
the underlying device.

I<Note:> It is sometimes required that you run C<guestfs_e2fsck_f>
on the C<device> before calling this command.  For unknown reasons
C<resize2fs> sometimes gives an error about this and sometimes not.
In any case, it is always safe to call C<guestfs_e2fsck_f> before
calling this function.");

  ("find", (RStringList "names", [Pathname "directory"]), 107, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["find"; "/"]], ["lost+found"]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["touch"; "/a"];
       ["mkdir"; "/b"];
       ["touch"; "/b/c"];
       ["find"; "/"]], ["a"; "b"; "b/c"; "lost+found"]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["mkdir_p"; "/a/b/c"];
       ["touch"; "/a/b/c/d"];
       ["find"; "/a/b/"]], ["c"; "c/d"])],
   "find all files and directories",
   "\
This command lists out all files and directories, recursively,
starting at C<directory>.  It is essentially equivalent to
running the shell command C<find directory -print> but some
post-processing happens on the output, described below.

This returns a list of strings I<without any prefix>.  Thus
if the directory structure was:

 /tmp/a
 /tmp/b
 /tmp/c/d

then the returned list from C<guestfs_find> C</tmp> would be
4 elements:

 a
 b
 c
 c/d

If C<directory> is not a directory, then this command returns
an error.

The returned list is sorted.

See also C<guestfs_find0>.");

  ("e2fsck_f", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 108, [],
   [], (* lvresize tests this *)
   "check an ext2/ext3 filesystem",
   "\
This runs C<e2fsck -p -f device>, ie. runs the ext2/ext3
filesystem checker on C<device>, noninteractively (C<-p>),
even if the filesystem appears to be clean (C<-f>).

This command is only needed because of C<guestfs_resize2fs>
(q.v.).  Normally you should use C<guestfs_fsck>.");

  ("sleep", (RErr, [Int "secs"]), 109, [],
   [InitNone, Always, TestRun (
      [["sleep"; "1"]])],
   "sleep for some seconds",
   "\
Sleep for C<secs> seconds.");

  ("ntfs_3g_probe", (RInt "status", [Bool "rw"; Device "device"]), 110, [Optional "ntfs3g"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkfs"; "ntfs"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["ntfs_3g_probe"; "true"; "/dev/sda1"]], 0);
    InitNone, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkfs"; "ext2"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["ntfs_3g_probe"; "true"; "/dev/sda1"]], 12)],
   "probe NTFS volume",
   "\
This command runs the L<ntfs-3g.probe(8)> command which probes
an NTFS C<device> for mountability.  (Not all NTFS volumes can
be mounted read-write, and some cannot be mounted at all).

C<rw> is a boolean flag.  Set it to true if you want to test
if the volume can be mounted read-write.  Set it to false if
you want to test if the volume can be mounted read-only.

The return value is an integer which C<0> if the operation
would succeed, or some non-zero value documented in the
L<ntfs-3g.probe(8)> manual page.");

  ("sh", (RString "output", [String "command"]), 111, [],
   [], (* XXX needs tests *)
   "run a command via the shell",
   "\
This call runs a command from the guest filesystem via the
guest's C</bin/sh>.

This is like C<guestfs_command>, but passes the command to:

 /bin/sh -c \"command\"

Depending on the guest's shell, this usually results in
wildcards being expanded, shell expressions being interpolated
and so on.

All the provisos about C<guestfs_command> apply to this call.");

  ("sh_lines", (RStringList "lines", [String "command"]), 112, [],
   [], (* XXX needs tests *)
   "run a command via the shell returning lines",
   "\
This is the same as C<guestfs_sh>, but splits the result
into a list of lines.

See also: C<guestfs_command_lines>");

  ("glob_expand", (RStringList "paths", [Pathname "pattern"]), 113, [],
   (* Use Pathname here, and hence ABS_PATH (pattern,... in generated
    * code in stubs.c, since all valid glob patterns must start with "/".
    * There is no concept of "cwd" in libguestfs, hence no "."-relative names.
    *)
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["mkdir_p"; "/a/b/c"];
       ["touch"; "/a/b/c/d"];
       ["touch"; "/a/b/c/e"];
       ["glob_expand"; "/a/b/c/*"]], ["/a/b/c/d"; "/a/b/c/e"]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["mkdir_p"; "/a/b/c"];
       ["touch"; "/a/b/c/d"];
       ["touch"; "/a/b/c/e"];
       ["glob_expand"; "/a/*/c/*"]], ["/a/b/c/d"; "/a/b/c/e"]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["mkdir_p"; "/a/b/c"];
       ["touch"; "/a/b/c/d"];
       ["touch"; "/a/b/c/e"];
       ["glob_expand"; "/a/*/x/*"]], [])],
   "expand a wildcard path",
   "\
This command searches for all the pathnames matching
C<pattern> according to the wildcard expansion rules
used by the shell.

If no paths match, then this returns an empty list
(note: not an error).

It is just a wrapper around the C L<glob(3)> function
with flags C<GLOB_MARK|GLOB_BRACE>.
See that manual page for more details.");

  ("scrub_device", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 114, [DangerWillRobinson; Optional "scrub"],
   [InitNone, Always, TestRun ( (* use /dev/sdc because it's smaller *)
      [["scrub_device"; "/dev/sdc"]])],
   "scrub (securely wipe) a device",
   "\
This command writes patterns over C<device> to make data retrieval
more difficult.

It is an interface to the L<scrub(1)> program.  See that
manual page for more details.");

  ("scrub_file", (RErr, [Pathname "file"]), 115, [Optional "scrub"],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestRun (
      [["write_file"; "/file"; "content"; "0"];
       ["scrub_file"; "/file"]])],
   "scrub (securely wipe) a file",
   "\
This command writes patterns over a file to make data retrieval
more difficult.

The file is I<removed> after scrubbing.

It is an interface to the L<scrub(1)> program.  See that
manual page for more details.");

  ("scrub_freespace", (RErr, [Pathname "dir"]), 116, [Optional "scrub"],
   [], (* XXX needs testing *)
   "scrub (securely wipe) free space",
   "\
This command creates the directory C<dir> and then fills it
with files until the filesystem is full, and scrubs the files
as for C<guestfs_scrub_file>, and deletes them.
The intention is to scrub any free space on the partition
containing C<dir>.

It is an interface to the L<scrub(1)> program.  See that
manual page for more details.");

  ("mkdtemp", (RString "dir", [Pathname "template"]), 117, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestRun (
      [["mkdir"; "/tmp"];
       ["mkdtemp"; "/tmp/tmpXXXXXX"]])],
   "create a temporary directory",
   "\
This command creates a temporary directory.  The
C<template> parameter should be a full pathname for the
temporary directory name with the final six characters being
\"XXXXXX\".

For example: \"/tmp/myprogXXXXXX\" or \"/Temp/myprogXXXXXX\",
the second one being suitable for Windows filesystems.

The name of the temporary directory that was created
is returned.

The temporary directory is created with mode 0700
and is owned by root.

The caller is responsible for deleting the temporary
directory and its contents after use.

See also: L<mkdtemp(3)>");

  ("wc_l", (RInt "lines", [Pathname "path"]), 118, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["wc_l"; "/10klines"]], 10000)],
   "count lines in a file",
   "\
This command counts the lines in a file, using the
C<wc -l> external command.");

  ("wc_w", (RInt "words", [Pathname "path"]), 119, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["wc_w"; "/10klines"]], 10000)],
   "count words in a file",
   "\
This command counts the words in a file, using the
C<wc -w> external command.");

  ("wc_c", (RInt "chars", [Pathname "path"]), 120, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["wc_c"; "/100kallspaces"]], 102400)],
   "count characters in a file",
   "\
This command counts the characters in a file, using the
C<wc -c> external command.");

  ("head", (RStringList "lines", [Pathname "path"]), 121, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["head"; "/10klines"]], ["0abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"1abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"2abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"3abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"4abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"5abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"6abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"7abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"8abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"])],
   "return first 10 lines of a file",
   "\
This command returns up to the first 10 lines of a file as
a list of strings.");

  ("head_n", (RStringList "lines", [Int "nrlines"; Pathname "path"]), 122, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["head_n"; "3"; "/10klines"]], ["0abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"1abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"2abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["head_n"; "-9997"; "/10klines"]], ["0abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"1abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"2abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["head_n"; "0"; "/10klines"]], [])],
   "return first N lines of a file",
   "\
If the parameter C<nrlines> is a positive number, this returns the first
C<nrlines> lines of the file C<path>.

If the parameter C<nrlines> is a negative number, this returns lines
from the file C<path>, excluding the last C<nrlines> lines.

If the parameter C<nrlines> is zero, this returns an empty list.");

  ("tail", (RStringList "lines", [Pathname "path"]), 123, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["tail"; "/10klines"]], ["9990abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9991abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9992abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9993abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9994abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9995abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9996abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9997abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9998abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9999abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"])],
   "return last 10 lines of a file",
   "\
This command returns up to the last 10 lines of a file as
a list of strings.");

  ("tail_n", (RStringList "lines", [Int "nrlines"; Pathname "path"]), 124, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["tail_n"; "3"; "/10klines"]], ["9997abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9998abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9999abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["tail_n"; "-9998"; "/10klines"]], ["9997abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9998abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";"9999abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["tail_n"; "0"; "/10klines"]], [])],
   "return last N lines of a file",
   "\
If the parameter C<nrlines> is a positive number, this returns the last
C<nrlines> lines of the file C<path>.

If the parameter C<nrlines> is a negative number, this returns lines
from the file C<path>, starting with the C<-nrlines>th line.

If the parameter C<nrlines> is zero, this returns an empty list.");

  ("df", (RString "output", []), 125, [],
   [], (* XXX Tricky to test because it depends on the exact format
        * of the 'df' command and other imponderables.
        *)
   "report file system disk space usage",
   "\
This command runs the C<df> command to report disk space used.

This command is mostly useful for interactive sessions.  It
is I<not> intended that you try to parse the output string.
Use C<statvfs> from programs.");

  ("df_h", (RString "output", []), 126, [],
   [], (* XXX Tricky to test because it depends on the exact format
        * of the 'df' command and other imponderables.
        *)
   "report file system disk space usage (human readable)",
   "\
This command runs the C<df -h> command to report disk space used
in human-readable format.

This command is mostly useful for interactive sessions.  It
is I<not> intended that you try to parse the output string.
Use C<statvfs> from programs.");

  ("du", (RInt64 "sizekb", [Pathname "path"]), 127, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["du"; "/directory"]], 2 (* ISO fs blocksize is 2K *))],
   "estimate file space usage",
   "\
This command runs the C<du -s> command to estimate file space
usage for C<path>.

C<path> can be a file or a directory.  If C<path> is a directory
then the estimate includes the contents of the directory and all
subdirectories (recursively).

The result is the estimated size in I<kilobytes>
(ie. units of 1024 bytes).");

  ("initrd_list", (RStringList "filenames", [Pathname "path"]), 128, [],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["initrd_list"; "/initrd"]], ["empty";"known-1";"known-2";"known-3";"known-4"; "known-5"])],
   "list files in an initrd",
   "\
This command lists out files contained in an initrd.

The files are listed without any initial C</> character.  The
files are listed in the order they appear (not necessarily
alphabetical).  Directory names are listed as separate items.

Old Linux kernels (2.4 and earlier) used a compressed ext2
filesystem as initrd.  We I<only> support the newer initramfs
format (compressed cpio files).");

  ("mount_loop", (RErr, [Pathname "file"; Pathname "mountpoint"]), 129, [],
   [],
   "mount a file using the loop device",
   "\
This command lets you mount C<file> (a filesystem image
in a file) on a mount point.  It is entirely equivalent to
the command C<mount -o loop file mountpoint>.");

  ("mkswap", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 130, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkswap"; "/dev/sda1"]])],
   "create a swap partition",
   "\
Create a swap partition on C<device>.");

  ("mkswap_L", (RErr, [String "label"; Device "device"]), 131, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkswap_L"; "hello"; "/dev/sda1"]])],
   "create a swap partition with a label",
   "\
Create a swap partition on C<device> with label C<label>.

Note that you cannot attach a swap label to a block device
(eg. C</dev/sda>), just to a partition.  This appears to be
a limitation of the kernel or swap tools.");

  ("mkswap_U", (RErr, [String "uuid"; Device "device"]), 132, [Optional "linuxfsuuid"],
   (let uuid = uuidgen () in
    [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun (
       [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
        ["mkswap_U"; uuid; "/dev/sda1"]])]),
   "create a swap partition with an explicit UUID",
   "\
Create a swap partition on C<device> with UUID C<uuid>.");

  ("mknod", (RErr, [Int "mode"; Int "devmajor"; Int "devminor"; Pathname "path"]), 133, [Optional "mknod"],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["mknod"; "0o10777"; "0"; "0"; "/node"];
       (* NB: default umask 022 means 0777 -> 0755 in these tests *)
       ["stat"; "/node"]], [CompareWithInt ("mode", 0o10755)]);
    InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["mknod"; "0o60777"; "66"; "99"; "/node"];
       ["stat"; "/node"]], [CompareWithInt ("mode", 0o60755)])],
   "make block, character or FIFO devices",
   "\
This call creates block or character special devices, or
named pipes (FIFOs).

The C<mode> parameter should be the mode, using the standard
constants.  C<devmajor> and C<devminor> are the
device major and minor numbers, only used when creating block
and character special devices.

Note that, just like L<mknod(2)>, the mode must be bitwise
OR'd with S_IFBLK, S_IFCHR, S_IFIFO or S_IFSOCK (otherwise this call
just creates a regular file).  These constants are
available in the standard Linux header files, or you can use
C<guestfs_mknod_b>, C<guestfs_mknod_c> or C<guestfs_mkfifo>
which are wrappers around this command which bitwise OR
in the appropriate constant for you.

The mode actually set is affected by the umask.");

  ("mkfifo", (RErr, [Int "mode"; Pathname "path"]), 134, [Optional "mknod"],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["mkfifo"; "0o777"; "/node"];
       ["stat"; "/node"]], [CompareWithInt ("mode", 0o10755)])],
   "make FIFO (named pipe)",
   "\
This call creates a FIFO (named pipe) called C<path> with
mode C<mode>.  It is just a convenient wrapper around
C<guestfs_mknod>.

The mode actually set is affected by the umask.");

  ("mknod_b", (RErr, [Int "mode"; Int "devmajor"; Int "devminor"; Pathname "path"]), 135, [Optional "mknod"],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["mknod_b"; "0o777"; "99"; "66"; "/node"];
       ["stat"; "/node"]], [CompareWithInt ("mode", 0o60755)])],
   "make block device node",
   "\
This call creates a block device node called C<path> with
mode C<mode> and device major/minor C<devmajor> and C<devminor>.
It is just a convenient wrapper around C<guestfs_mknod>.

The mode actually set is affected by the umask.");

  ("mknod_c", (RErr, [Int "mode"; Int "devmajor"; Int "devminor"; Pathname "path"]), 136, [Optional "mknod"],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["mknod_c"; "0o777"; "99"; "66"; "/node"];
       ["stat"; "/node"]], [CompareWithInt ("mode", 0o20755)])],
   "make char device node",
   "\
This call creates a char device node called C<path> with
mode C<mode> and device major/minor C<devmajor> and C<devminor>.
It is just a convenient wrapper around C<guestfs_mknod>.

The mode actually set is affected by the umask.");

  ("umask", (RInt "oldmask", [Int "mask"]), 137, [FishOutput FishOutputOctal],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutputInt (
      [["umask"; "0o22"]], 0o22)],
   "set file mode creation mask (umask)",
   "\
This function sets the mask used for creating new files and
device nodes to C<mask & 0777>.

Typical umask values would be C<022> which creates new files
with permissions like \"-rw-r--r--\" or \"-rwxr-xr-x\", and
C<002> which creates new files with permissions like
\"-rw-rw-r--\" or \"-rwxrwxr-x\".

The default umask is C<022>.  This is important because it
means that directories and device nodes will be created with
C<0644> or C<0755> mode even if you specify C<0777>.

See also C<guestfs_get_umask>,
L<umask(2)>, C<guestfs_mknod>, C<guestfs_mkdir>.

This call returns the previous umask.");

  ("readdir", (RStructList ("entries", "dirent"), [Pathname "dir"]), 138, [],
   [],
   "read directories entries",
   "\
This returns the list of directory entries in directory C<dir>.

All entries in the directory are returned, including C<.> and
C<..>.  The entries are I<not> sorted, but returned in the same
order as the underlying filesystem.

Also this call returns basic file type information about each
file.  The C<ftyp> field will contain one of the following characters:

=over 4

=item 'b'

Block special

=item 'c'

Char special

=item 'd'

Directory

=item 'f'

FIFO (named pipe)

=item 'l'

Symbolic link

=item 'r'

Regular file

=item 's'

Socket

=item 'u'

Unknown file type

=item '?'

The L<readdir(3)> returned a C<d_type> field with an
unexpected value

=back

This function is primarily intended for use by programs.  To
get a simple list of names, use C<guestfs_ls>.  To get a printable
directory for human consumption, use C<guestfs_ll>.");

  ("sfdiskM", (RErr, [Device "device"; StringList "lines"]), 139, [DangerWillRobinson],
   [],
   "create partitions on a block device",
   "\
This is a simplified interface to the C<guestfs_sfdisk>
command, where partition sizes are specified in megabytes
only (rounded to the nearest cylinder) and you don't need
to specify the cyls, heads and sectors parameters which
were rarely if ever used anyway.

See also: C<guestfs_sfdisk>, the L<sfdisk(8)> manpage
and C<guestfs_part_disk>");

  ("zfile", (RString "description", [String "meth"; Pathname "path"]), 140, [DeprecatedBy "file"],
   [],
   "determine file type inside a compressed file",
   "\
This command runs C<file> after first decompressing C<path>
using C<method>.

C<method> must be one of C<gzip>, C<compress> or C<bzip2>.

Since 1.0.63, use C<guestfs_file> instead which can now
process compressed files.");

  ("getxattrs", (RStructList ("xattrs", "xattr"), [Pathname "path"]), 141, [Optional "linuxxattrs"],
   [],
   "list extended attributes of a file or directory",
   "\
This call lists the extended attributes of the file or directory
C<path>.

At the system call level, this is a combination of the
L<listxattr(2)> and L<getxattr(2)> calls.

See also: C<guestfs_lgetxattrs>, L<attr(5)>.");

  ("lgetxattrs", (RStructList ("xattrs", "xattr"), [Pathname "path"]), 142, [Optional "linuxxattrs"],
   [],
   "list extended attributes of a file or directory",
   "\
This is the same as C<guestfs_getxattrs>, but if C<path>
is a symbolic link, then it returns the extended attributes
of the link itself.");

  ("setxattr", (RErr, [String "xattr";
                       String "val"; Int "vallen"; (* will be BufferIn *)
                       Pathname "path"]), 143, [Optional "linuxxattrs"],
   [],
   "set extended attribute of a file or directory",
   "\
This call sets the extended attribute named C<xattr>
of the file C<path> to the value C<val> (of length C<vallen>).
The value is arbitrary 8 bit data.

See also: C<guestfs_lsetxattr>, L<attr(5)>.");

  ("lsetxattr", (RErr, [String "xattr";
                        String "val"; Int "vallen"; (* will be BufferIn *)
                        Pathname "path"]), 144, [Optional "linuxxattrs"],
   [],
   "set extended attribute of a file or directory",
   "\
This is the same as C<guestfs_setxattr>, but if C<path>
is a symbolic link, then it sets an extended attribute
of the link itself.");

  ("removexattr", (RErr, [String "xattr"; Pathname "path"]), 145, [Optional "linuxxattrs"],
   [],
   "remove extended attribute of a file or directory",
   "\
This call removes the extended attribute named C<xattr>
of the file C<path>.

See also: C<guestfs_lremovexattr>, L<attr(5)>.");

  ("lremovexattr", (RErr, [String "xattr"; Pathname "path"]), 146, [Optional "linuxxattrs"],
   [],
   "remove extended attribute of a file or directory",
   "\
This is the same as C<guestfs_removexattr>, but if C<path>
is a symbolic link, then it removes an extended attribute
of the link itself.");

  ("mountpoints", (RHashtable "mps", []), 147, [],
   [],
   "show mountpoints",
   "\
This call is similar to C<guestfs_mounts>.  That call returns
a list of devices.  This one returns a hash table (map) of
device name to directory where the device is mounted.");

  ("mkmountpoint", (RErr, [String "exemptpath"]), 148, [],
   (* This is a special case: while you would expect a parameter
    * of type "Pathname", that doesn't work, because it implies
    * NEED_ROOT in the generated calling code in stubs.c, and
    * this function cannot use NEED_ROOT.
    *)
   [],
   "create a mountpoint",
   "\
C<guestfs_mkmountpoint> and C<guestfs_rmmountpoint> are
specialized calls that can be used to create extra mountpoints
before mounting the first filesystem.

These calls are I<only> necessary in some very limited circumstances,
mainly the case where you want to mount a mix of unrelated and/or
read-only filesystems together.

For example, live CDs often contain a \"Russian doll\" nest of
filesystems, an ISO outer layer, with a squashfs image inside, with
an ext2/3 image inside that.  You can unpack this as follows
in guestfish:

 add-ro Fedora-11-i686-Live.iso
 run
 mkmountpoint /cd
 mkmountpoint /squash
 mkmountpoint /ext3
 mount /dev/sda /cd
 mount-loop /cd/LiveOS/squashfs.img /squash
 mount-loop /squash/LiveOS/ext3fs.img /ext3

The inner filesystem is now unpacked under the /ext3 mountpoint.");

  ("rmmountpoint", (RErr, [String "exemptpath"]), 149, [],
   [],
   "remove a mountpoint",
   "\
This calls removes a mountpoint that was previously created
with C<guestfs_mkmountpoint>.  See C<guestfs_mkmountpoint>
for full details.");

  ("read_file", (RBufferOut "content", [Pathname "path"]), 150, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputBuffer (
      [["read_file"; "/known-4"]], "abc\ndef\nghi")],
   "read a file",
   "\
This calls returns the contents of the file C<path> as a
buffer.

Unlike C<guestfs_cat>, this function can correctly
handle files that contain embedded ASCII NUL characters.
However unlike C<guestfs_download>, this function is limited
in the total size of file that can be handled.");

  ("grep", (RStringList "lines", [String "regex"; Pathname "path"]), 151, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["grep"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt"]], ["abc"; "abc123"]);
    InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["grep"; "nomatch"; "/test-grep.txt"]], [])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<grep> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("egrep", (RStringList "lines", [String "regex"; Pathname "path"]), 152, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["egrep"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt"]], ["abc"; "abc123"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<egrep> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("fgrep", (RStringList "lines", [String "pattern"; Pathname "path"]), 153, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["fgrep"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt"]], ["abc"; "abc123"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<fgrep> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("grepi", (RStringList "lines", [String "regex"; Pathname "path"]), 154, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["grepi"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt"]], ["abc"; "abc123"; "ABC"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<grep -i> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("egrepi", (RStringList "lines", [String "regex"; Pathname "path"]), 155, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["egrepi"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt"]], ["abc"; "abc123"; "ABC"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<egrep -i> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("fgrepi", (RStringList "lines", [String "pattern"; Pathname "path"]), 156, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["fgrepi"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt"]], ["abc"; "abc123"; "ABC"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<fgrep -i> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("zgrep", (RStringList "lines", [String "regex"; Pathname "path"]), 157, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["zgrep"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt.gz"]], ["abc"; "abc123"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<zgrep> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("zegrep", (RStringList "lines", [String "regex"; Pathname "path"]), 158, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["zegrep"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt.gz"]], ["abc"; "abc123"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<zegrep> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("zfgrep", (RStringList "lines", [String "pattern"; Pathname "path"]), 159, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["zfgrep"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt.gz"]], ["abc"; "abc123"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<zfgrep> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("zgrepi", (RStringList "lines", [String "regex"; Pathname "path"]), 160, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["zgrepi"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt.gz"]], ["abc"; "abc123"; "ABC"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<zgrep -i> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("zegrepi", (RStringList "lines", [String "regex"; Pathname "path"]), 161, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["zegrepi"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt.gz"]], ["abc"; "abc123"; "ABC"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<zegrep -i> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("zfgrepi", (RStringList "lines", [String "pattern"; Pathname "path"]), 162, [ProtocolLimitWarning],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["zfgrepi"; "abc"; "/test-grep.txt.gz"]], ["abc"; "abc123"; "ABC"])],
   "return lines matching a pattern",
   "\
This calls the external C<zfgrep -i> program and returns the
matching lines.");

  ("realpath", (RString "rpath", [Pathname "path"]), 163, [Optional "realpath"],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["realpath"; "/../directory"]], "/directory")],
   "canonicalized absolute pathname",
   "\
Return the canonicalized absolute pathname of C<path>.  The
returned path has no C<.>, C<..> or symbolic link path elements.");

  ("ln", (RErr, [String "target"; Pathname "linkname"]), 164, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["touch"; "/a"];
       ["ln"; "/a"; "/b"];
       ["stat"; "/b"]], [CompareWithInt ("nlink", 2)])],
   "create a hard link",
   "\
This command creates a hard link using the C<ln> command.");

  ("ln_f", (RErr, [String "target"; Pathname "linkname"]), 165, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["touch"; "/a"];
       ["touch"; "/b"];
       ["ln_f"; "/a"; "/b"];
       ["stat"; "/b"]], [CompareWithInt ("nlink", 2)])],
   "create a hard link",
   "\
This command creates a hard link using the C<ln -f> command.
The C<-f> option removes the link (C<linkname>) if it exists already.");

  ("ln_s", (RErr, [String "target"; Pathname "linkname"]), 166, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["touch"; "/a"];
       ["ln_s"; "a"; "/b"];
       ["lstat"; "/b"]], [CompareWithInt ("mode", 0o120777)])],
   "create a symbolic link",
   "\
This command creates a symbolic link using the C<ln -s> command.");

  ("ln_sf", (RErr, [String "target"; Pathname "linkname"]), 167, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutput (
      [["mkdir_p"; "/a/b"];
       ["touch"; "/a/b/c"];
       ["ln_sf"; "../d"; "/a/b/c"];
       ["readlink"; "/a/b/c"]], "../d")],
   "create a symbolic link",
   "\
This command creates a symbolic link using the C<ln -sf> command,
The C<-f> option removes the link (C<linkname>) if it exists already.");

  ("readlink", (RString "link", [Pathname "path"]), 168, [],
   [] (* XXX tested above *),
   "read the target of a symbolic link",
   "\
This command reads the target of a symbolic link.");

  ("fallocate", (RErr, [Pathname "path"; Int "len"]), 169, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputStruct (
      [["fallocate"; "/a"; "1000000"];
       ["stat"; "/a"]], [CompareWithInt ("size", 1_000_000)])],
   "preallocate a file in the guest filesystem",
   "\
This command preallocates a file (containing zero bytes) named
C<path> of size C<len> bytes.  If the file exists already, it
is overwritten.

Do not confuse this with the guestfish-specific
C<alloc> command which allocates a file in the host and
attaches it as a device.");

  ("swapon_device", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 170, [],
   [InitPartition, Always, TestRun (
      [["mkswap"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["swapon_device"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["swapoff_device"; "/dev/sda1"]])],
   "enable swap on device",
   "\
This command enables the libguestfs appliance to use the
swap device or partition named C<device>.  The increased
memory is made available for all commands, for example
those run using C<guestfs_command> or C<guestfs_sh>.

Note that you should not swap to existing guest swap
partitions unless you know what you are doing.  They may
contain hibernation information, or other information that
the guest doesn't want you to trash.  You also risk leaking
information about the host to the guest this way.  Instead,
attach a new host device to the guest and swap on that.");

  ("swapoff_device", (RErr, [Device "device"]), 171, [],
   [], (* XXX tested by swapon_device *)
   "disable swap on device",
   "\
This command disables the libguestfs appliance swap
device or partition named C<device>.
See C<guestfs_swapon_device>.");

  ("swapon_file", (RErr, [Pathname "file"]), 172, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestRun (
      [["fallocate"; "/swap"; "8388608"];
       ["mkswap_file"; "/swap"];
       ["swapon_file"; "/swap"];
       ["swapoff_file"; "/swap"]])],
   "enable swap on file",
   "\
This command enables swap to a file.
See C<guestfs_swapon_device> for other notes.");

  ("swapoff_file", (RErr, [Pathname "file"]), 173, [],
   [], (* XXX tested by swapon_file *)
   "disable swap on file",
   "\
This command disables the libguestfs appliance swap on file.");

  ("swapon_label", (RErr, [String "label"]), 174, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sdb"; "mbr"];
       ["mkswap_L"; "swapit"; "/dev/sdb1"];
       ["swapon_label"; "swapit"];
       ["swapoff_label"; "swapit"];
       ["zero"; "/dev/sdb"];
       ["blockdev_rereadpt"; "/dev/sdb"]])],
   "enable swap on labeled swap partition",
   "\
This command enables swap to a labeled swap partition.
See C<guestfs_swapon_device> for other notes.");

  ("swapoff_label", (RErr, [String "label"]), 175, [],
   [], (* XXX tested by swapon_label *)
   "disable swap on labeled swap partition",
   "\
This command disables the libguestfs appliance swap on
labeled swap partition.");

  ("swapon_uuid", (RErr, [String "uuid"]), 176, [Optional "linuxfsuuid"],
   (let uuid = uuidgen () in
    [InitEmpty, Always, TestRun (
       [["mkswap_U"; uuid; "/dev/sdb"];
        ["swapon_uuid"; uuid];
        ["swapoff_uuid"; uuid]])]),
   "enable swap on swap partition by UUID",
   "\
This command enables swap to a swap partition with the given UUID.
See C<guestfs_swapon_device> for other notes.");

  ("swapoff_uuid", (RErr, [String "uuid"]), 177, [Optional "linuxfsuuid"],
   [], (* XXX tested by swapon_uuid *)
   "disable swap on swap partition by UUID",
   "\
This command disables the libguestfs appliance swap partition
with the given UUID.");

  ("mkswap_file", (RErr, [Pathname "path"]), 178, [],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestRun (
      [["fallocate"; "/swap"; "8388608"];
       ["mkswap_file"; "/swap"]])],
   "create a swap file",
   "\
Create a swap file.

This command just writes a swap file signature to an existing
file.  To create the file itself, use something like C<guestfs_fallocate>.");

  ("inotify_init", (RErr, [Int "maxevents"]), 179, [Optional "inotify"],
   [InitISOFS, Always, TestRun (
      [["inotify_init"; "0"]])],
   "create an inotify handle",
   "\
This command creates a new inotify handle.
The inotify subsystem can be used to notify events which happen to
objects in the guest filesystem.

C<maxevents> is the maximum number of events which will be
queued up between calls to C<guestfs_inotify_read> or
C<guestfs_inotify_files>.
If this is passed as C<0>, then the kernel (or previously set)
default is used.  For Linux 2.6.29 the default was 16384 events.
Beyond this limit, the kernel throws away events, but records
the fact that it threw them away by setting a flag
C<IN_Q_OVERFLOW> in the returned structure list (see
C<guestfs_inotify_read>).

Before any events are generated, you have to add some
watches to the internal watch list.  See:
C<guestfs_inotify_add_watch>,
C<guestfs_inotify_rm_watch> and
C<guestfs_inotify_watch_all>.

Queued up events should be read periodically by calling
C<guestfs_inotify_read>
(or C<guestfs_inotify_files> which is just a helpful
wrapper around C<guestfs_inotify_read>).  If you don't
read the events out often enough then you risk the internal
queue overflowing.

The handle should be closed after use by calling
C<guestfs_inotify_close>.  This also removes any
watches automatically.

See also L<inotify(7)> for an overview of the inotify interface
as exposed by the Linux kernel, which is roughly what we expose
via libguestfs.  Note that there is one global inotify handle
per libguestfs instance.");

  ("inotify_add_watch", (RInt64 "wd", [Pathname "path"; Int "mask"]), 180, [Optional "inotify"],
   [InitBasicFS, Always, TestOutputList (
      [["inotify_init"; "0"];
       ["inotify_add_watch"; "/"; "1073741823"];
       ["touch"; "/a"];
       ["touch"; "/b"];
       ["inotify_files"]], ["a"; "b"])],
   "add an inotify watch",
   "\
Watch C<path> for the events listed in C<mask>.

Note that if C<path> is a directory then events within that
directory are watched, but this does I<not> happen recursively
(in subdirectories).

Note for non-C or non-Linux callers: the inotify events are
defined by the Linux kernel ABI and are listed in
C</usr/include/sys/inotify.h>.");

  ("inotify_rm_watch", (RErr, [Int(*XXX64*) "wd"]), 181, [Optional "inotify"],
   [],
   "remove an inotify watch",
   "\
Remove a previously defined inotify watch.
See C<guestfs_inotify_add_watch>.");

  ("inotify_read", (RStructList ("events", "inotify_event"), []), 182, [Optional "inotify"],
   [],
   "return list of inotify events",
   "\
Return the complete queue of events that have happened
since the previous read call.

If no events have happened, this returns an empty list.

I<Note>: In order to make sure that all events have been
read, you must call this function repeatedly until it
returns an empty list.  The reason is that the call will
read events up to the maximum appliance-to-host message
size and leave remaining events in the queue.");

  ("inotify_files", (RStringList "paths", []), 183, [Optional "inotify"],
   [],
   "return list of watched files that had events",
   "\
This function is a helpful wrapper around C<guestfs_inotify_read>
which just returns a list of pathnames of objects that were
touched.  The returned pathnames are sorted and deduplicated.");

  ("inotify_close", (RErr, []), 184, [Optional "inotify"],
   [],
   "close the inotify handle",
   "\
This closes the inotify handle which was previously
opened by inotify_init.  It removes all watches, throws
away any pending events, and deallocates all resources.");

  ("setcon", (RErr, [String "context"]), 185, [Optional "selinux"],
   [],
   "set SELinux security context",
   "\
This sets the SELinux security context of the daemon
to the string C<context>.

See the documentation about SELINUX in L<guestfs(3)>.");

  ("getcon", (RString "context", []), 186, [Optional "selinux"],
   [],
   "get SELinux security context",
   "\
This gets the SELinux security context of the daemon.

See the documentation about SELINUX in L<guestfs(3)>,
and C<guestfs_setcon>");

  ("mkfs_b", (RErr, [String "fstype"; Int "blocksize"; Device "device"]), 187, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutput (
      [["part_disk"; "/dev/sda"; "mbr"];
       ["mkfs_b"; "ext2"; "4096"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda1"; "/"];
       ["write_file"; "/new"; "new file contents"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "new file contents")],
   "make a filesystem with block size",
   "\
This call is similar to C<guestfs_mkfs>, but it allows you to
control the block size of the resulting filesystem.  Supported
block sizes depend on the filesystem type, but typically they
are C<1024>, C<2048> or C<4096> only.");

  ("mke2journal", (RErr, [Int "blocksize"; Device "device"]), 188, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutput (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,"];
       ["mke2journal"; "4096"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mke2fs_J"; "ext2"; "4096"; "/dev/sda2"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda2"; "/"];
       ["write_file"; "/new"; "new file contents"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "new file contents")],
   "make ext2/3/4 external journal",
   "\
This creates an ext2 external journal on C<device>.  It is equivalent
to the command:

 mke2fs -O journal_dev -b blocksize device");

  ("mke2journal_L", (RErr, [Int "blocksize"; String "label"; Device "device"]), 189, [],
   [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutput (
      [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,"];
       ["mke2journal_L"; "4096"; "JOURNAL"; "/dev/sda1"];
       ["mke2fs_JL"; "ext2"; "4096"; "/dev/sda2"; "JOURNAL"];
       ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda2"; "/"];
       ["write_file"; "/new"; "new file contents"; "0"];
       ["cat"; "/new"]], "new file contents")],
   "make ext2/3/4 external journal with label",
   "\
This creates an ext2 external journal on C<device> with label C<label>.");

  ("mke2journal_U", (RErr, [Int "blocksize"; String "uuid"; Device "device"]), 190, [Optional "linuxfsuuid"],
   (let uuid = uuidgen () in
    [InitEmpty, Always, TestOutput (
       [["sfdiskM"; "/dev/sda"; ",100 ,"];
        ["mke2journal_U"; "4096"; uuid; "/dev/sda1"];
        ["mke2fs_JU"; "ext2"; "4096"; "/dev/sda2"; uuid];
        ["mount_options"; ""; "/dev/sda2"; "/"];
        ["write_file"; "/new"; "new file contents"; "0"];
        ["cat"; "/new"]], "new file contents")]),
   "make ext2/3/4 external journal with UUID",
   "\
This creates an ext2 external journal on C<device> with UUID C<uuid>.");

  ("mke2fs_J", (RErr, [String "fstype"; Int "blocksize"; Device "device"; Device "journal"]), 191, [],
   [],
   "make ext2/3/4 filesystem with external journal",
   "\
This creates an ext2/3/4 filesystem on C<device> with
an external journal on C<journal>.  It is equivalent
to the command:

 mke2fs -t fstype -b blocksize -J device=<journal> <device>

See also C<guestfs_mke2journal>.");

  ("mke2fs_JL", (RErr, [String "fstype"; Int "blocksize"; Device "device"; String "label"]), 192, [],
   [],
   "make ext2/3/4 filesystem with external journal",
   "\
This creates an ext2/3/4 filesystem on C<device> with
an external journal on the journal labeled C<label>.

See also C<guestfs_mke2journal_L>.");

  ("mke2fs_JU", (RErr, [String "fstype"; Int "blocksize"; Device "device"; String "uuid"]), 193, [Optional "linuxfsuuid"],
   [],