3 # Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat Inc.
5 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 # (at your option) any later version.
10 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 # GNU General Public License for more details.
15 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
23 use Sys::Guestfs::Lib qw(open_guest);
26 use File::Temp qw/tempfile/;
29 use Locale::TextDomain 'libguestfs';
35 virt-inspector - Display operating system version and other information about a virtual machine
39 virt-inspector [--connect URI] domname
41 virt-inspector guest.img [guest.img ...]
45 B<virt-inspector> examines a virtual machine or disk image and tries
46 to determine the version of the operating system and other information
47 about the virtual machine.
49 Virt-inspector produces XML output for feeding into other programs.
51 In the normal usage, use C<virt-inspector domname> where C<domname> is
52 the libvirt domain (see: C<virsh list --all>).
54 You can also run virt-inspector directly on disk images from a single
55 virtual machine. Use C<virt-inspector guest.img>. In rare cases a
56 domain has several block devices, in which case you should list them
57 one after another, with the first corresponding to the guest's
58 C</dev/sda>, the second to the guest's C</dev/sdb> and so on.
60 Virt-inspector can only inspect and report upon I<one domain at a
61 time>. To inspect several virtual machines, you have to run
62 virt-inspector several times (for example, from a shell script
65 Because virt-inspector needs direct access to guest images, it won't
66 normally work over remote libvirt connections.
86 Display version number and exit.
92 =item B<--connect URI> | B<-c URI>
94 If using libvirt, connect to the given I<URI>. If omitted,
95 then we connect to the default libvirt hypervisor.
97 Libvirt is only used if you specify a C<domname> on the
98 command line. If you specify guest block devices directly,
99 then libvirt is not used at all.
105 =item B<--format> raw
107 Specify the format of disk images given on the command line. If this
108 is omitted then the format is autodetected from the content of the
111 If disk images are requested from libvirt, then this program asks
112 libvirt for this information. In this case, the value of the format
113 parameter is ignored.
115 If working with untrusted raw-format guest disk images, you should
116 ensure the format is always specified.
122 GetOptions ("help|?" => \$help,
123 "version" => \$version,
124 "connect|c=s" => \$uri,
125 "format=s" => \$format,
127 pod2usage (1) if $help;
129 my $g = Sys::Guestfs->new ();
130 my %h = $g->version ();
131 print "$h{major}.$h{minor}.$h{release}$h{extra}\n";
134 pod2usage (__"virt-inspector: no image or VM names given") if @ARGV == 0;
137 push @args, address => $uri if defined $uri;
138 push @args, format => $format if defined $format;
139 my $g = open_guest (@args);
143 my @roots = $g->inspect_os ();
145 die __x("{prog}: No operating system could be detected inside this disk image.\n\nThis may be because the file is not a disk image, or is not a virtual machine\nimage, or because the OS type is not understood by libguestfs.\n\nIf you feel this is an error, please file a bug report including as much\ninformation about the disk image as possible.\n",
146 prog => basename ($0));
151 The virt-inspector XML is described precisely in a RELAX NG schema
152 which is supplied with libguestfs. This section is just an overview.
154 The top-level element is E<lt>operatingsystemsE<gt>, and it contains
155 one or more E<lt>operatingsystemE<gt> elements. You would only see
156 more than one E<lt>operatingsystemE<gt> element if the virtual machine
157 is multi-boot, which is vanishingly rare in real world VMs.
159 =head2 E<lt>operatingsystemE<gt>
161 In the E<lt>operatingsystemE<gt> tag are various optional fields that
162 describe the operating system, its architecture, the descriptive
163 "product name" string, the type of OS and so on, as in this example:
167 <root>/dev/sda2</root>
170 <distro>windows</distro>
171 <product_name>Windows 7 Enterprise</product_name>
172 <major_version>6</major_version>
173 <minor_version>1</minor_version>
174 <windows_systemroot>/Windows</windows_systemroot>
176 These fields are derived from the libguestfs inspection API, and
177 you can find more details in L<guestfs(3)/INSPECTION>.
179 The E<lt>rootE<gt> element is the root filesystem device, but from the
180 point of view of libguestfs (block devices may have completely
181 different names inside the VM itself).
185 # Start the XML output.
186 my $xml = new XML::Writer (DATA_MODE => 1, DATA_INDENT => 2);
188 $xml->startTag ("operatingsystems");
191 foreach $root (@roots) {
192 my %fses = $g->inspect_get_mountpoints ($root);
193 my @fses = sort { length $a <=> length $b } keys %fses;
195 $g->mount_ro ($fses{$_}, $_);
198 $xml->startTag ("operatingsystem");
201 $xml->dataElement (root => canonicalize ($root));
203 my ($s, $distro, $major_version);
204 $s = $g->inspect_get_type ($root);
205 $xml->dataElement (name => $s) if $s ne "unknown";
206 $s = $g->inspect_get_arch ($root);
207 $xml->dataElement (arch => $s) if $s ne "unknown";
208 $distro = $g->inspect_get_distro ($root);
209 $xml->dataElement (distro => $distro) if $distro ne "unknown";
210 $s = $g->inspect_get_product_name ($root);
211 $xml->dataElement (product_name => $s) if $s ne "unknown";
212 $major_version = $g->inspect_get_major_version ($root);
213 $xml->dataElement (major_version => $major_version);
214 $s = $g->inspect_get_minor_version ($root);
215 $xml->dataElement (minor_version => $s);
218 $s = $g->inspect_get_windows_systemroot ($root);
219 $xml->dataElement (windows_systemroot => $s);
223 output_mountpoints ($root, \@fses, \%fses);
226 output_filesystems ($root);
228 # Package format / management and applications.
229 output_applications ($root, $distro, $major_version);
231 $xml->endTag("operatingsystem");
236 # End the XML output.
237 $xml->endTag ("operatingsystems");
240 =head2 E<lt>mountpointsE<gt>
242 Un*x-like guests typically have multiple filesystems which are mounted
243 at various mountpoints, and these are described in the
244 E<lt>mountpointsE<gt> element which looks like this:
250 <mountpoint dev="/dev/vg_f13x64/lv_root">/</mountpoint>
251 <mountpoint dev="/dev/sda1">/boot</mountpoint>
254 As with E<lt>rootE<gt>, devices are from the point of view of
255 libguestfs, and may have completely different names inside the guest.
256 Only mountable filesystems appear in this list, not things like swap
261 sub output_mountpoints
268 $xml->startTag ("mountpoints");
270 $xml->dataElement ("mountpoint", $_,
271 dev => canonicalize ($fshash->{$_}));
273 $xml->endTag ("mountpoints");
276 =head2 E<lt>filesystemsE<gt>
278 E<lt>filesystemsE<gt> is like E<lt>mountpointsE<gt> but covers I<all>
279 filesystems belonging to the guest, including swap and empty
280 partitions. (In the rare case of a multi-boot guest, it covers
281 filesystems belonging to this OS or shared by this OS and other OSes).
283 You might see something like this:
289 <filesystem dev="/dev/vg_f13x64/lv_root">
291 <label>Fedora-13-x86_64</label>
292 <uuid>e6a4db1e-15c2-477b-ac2a-699181c396aa</uuid>
295 The optional elements within E<lt>filesystemE<gt> are the filesystem
296 type, the label, and the UUID.
300 sub output_filesystems
305 $xml->startTag ("filesystems");
307 my @fses = $g->inspect_get_filesystems ($root);
310 $xml->startTag ("filesystem",
311 dev => canonicalize ($_));
314 my $type = $g->vfs_type ($_);
315 $xml->dataElement (type => $type)
316 if defined $type && $type ne "";
320 my $label = $g->vfs_label ($_);
321 $xml->dataElement (label => $label)
322 if defined $label && $label ne "";
326 my $uuid = $g->vfs_uuid ($_);
327 $xml->dataElement (uuid => $uuid)
328 if defined $uuid && $uuid ne "";
331 $xml->endTag ("filesystem");
334 $xml->endTag ("filesystems");
337 =head2 E<lt>applicationsE<gt>
339 The related elements E<lt>package_formatE<gt>,
340 E<lt>package_managementE<gt> and E<lt>applicationsE<gt> describe
341 applications installed in the virtual machine. At the moment we are
342 only able to list RPMs and Debian packages installed, but in future we
343 will support other Linux distros and Windows.
345 E<lt>package_formatE<gt>, if present, describes the packaging
346 system used. Typical values would be C<rpm> and C<deb>.
348 E<lt>package_managementE<gt>, if present, describes the package
349 manager. Typical values include C<yum>, C<up2date> and C<apt>
351 E<lt>applicationsE<gt> lists the packages or applications
359 <name>coreutils</name>
360 <version>8.5</version>
364 (The version and release fields may not be available for
369 sub output_applications
374 my $major_version = shift;
376 # Based on the distro, take a guess at the package format
377 # and package management.
378 my ($package_format, $package_management);
379 if (defined $distro) {
380 if ($distro eq "debian") {
381 $package_format = "deb";
382 $package_management = "apt";
384 elsif ($distro eq "fedora") {
385 $package_format = "rpm";
386 $package_management = "yum";
388 elsif ($distro =~ /redhat/ || $distro =~ /rhel/) {
389 if ($major_version >= 5) {
390 $package_format = "rpm";
391 $package_management = "yum";
393 $package_format = "rpm";
394 $package_management = "up2date";
400 $xml->dataElement (package_format => $package_format)
401 if defined $package_format;
402 $xml->dataElement (package_management => $package_management)
403 if defined $package_management;
405 # Do we know how to get a list of applications?
406 if (defined $package_format) {
407 if ($package_format eq "rpm") {
408 output_applications_rpm ($root);
410 elsif ($package_format eq "deb") {
411 output_applications_deb ($root);
416 sub output_applications_rpm
421 # Previous virt-inspector ran the 'rpm' program from the guest.
422 # This is insecure, and unnecessary because we can get the same
423 # information directly from the RPM database.
428 my ($fh, $filename) = tempfile (UNLINK => 1);
429 my $fddev = "/dev/fd/" . fileno ($fh);
430 $g->download ("/var/lib/rpm/Name", $fddev);
431 close $fh or die "close: $!";
433 # Read the database with the Berkeley DB dump tool.
434 my $cmd = "db_dump -p '$filename'";
435 open PIPE, "$cmd |" or die "close: $!";
438 last if /^HEADER=END$/;
442 last if /^DATA=END$/;
444 # First character on each data line is a space.
445 if (length $_ > 0 && substr ($_, 0, 1) eq ' ') {
448 # Name should never contain non-printable chars.
449 die "name contains non-printable chars" if /\\/;
450 push @applications, $_;
452 $_ = <PIPE>; # discard value
454 close PIPE or die "close: $!";
456 if (!$@ && @applications > 0) {
457 @applications = sort @applications;
458 $xml->startTag ("applications");
459 foreach (@applications) {
460 $xml->startTag ("application");
461 $xml->dataElement (name => $_);
462 $xml->endTag ("application");
464 $xml->endTag ("applications");
468 sub output_applications_deb
476 my ($fh, $filename) = tempfile (UNLINK => 1);
477 my $fddev = "/dev/fd/" . fileno ($fh);
478 $g->download ("/var/lib/dpkg/status", $fddev);
479 close $fh or die "close: $!";
481 # Read the file. Each package is separated by a blank line.
482 open FILE, $filename or die "$filename: $!";
483 my ($name, $installed, $version, $release);
486 if (/^Package: (.*)/) {
488 } elsif (/^Status: .*\binstalled\b/) {
490 } elsif (/^Version: (.*?)-(.*)/) {
495 defined $name && defined $version && defined $release) {
496 push @applications, [ $name, $version, $release ];
504 close FILE or die "$filename: $!";
506 if (!$@ && @applications > 0) {
507 @applications = sort { $a->[0] cmp $b->[0] } @applications;
508 $xml->startTag ("applications");
509 foreach (@applications) {
510 $xml->startTag ("application");
511 $xml->dataElement (name => $_->[0]);
512 $xml->dataElement (version => $_->[1]);
513 $xml->dataElement (release => $_->[2]);
514 $xml->endTag ("application");
516 $xml->endTag ("applications");
520 # The reverse of device name translation, see
521 # BLOCK DEVICE NAMING in guestfs(3).
526 if (m{^/dev/[hv]d([a-z]\d)$}) {
534 You can use the XPath query language, and/or the xpath tool, in order
535 to select parts of the XML.
539 $ virt-inspector Guest | xpath //filesystems
543 <filesystem dev="/dev/vg_f13x64/lv_root">
547 $ virt-inspector Guest | \
548 xpath "string(//filesystem[@dev='/dev/sda1']/type)"
549 Query didn't return a nodeset. Value: ext4
553 Libvirt guest names can contain arbitrary characters, some of which
554 have meaning to the shell such as C<#> and space. You may need to
555 quote or escape these characters on the command line. See the shell
556 manual page L<sh(1)> for details.
563 L<Sys::Guestfs::Lib(3)>,
565 L<http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/>,
566 L<http://libguestfs.org/>.
574 Richard W.M. Jones L<http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/>
578 Matthew Booth L<mbooth@redhat.com>
584 Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat Inc.
586 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
587 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
588 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
589 (at your option) any later version.
591 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
592 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
593 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
594 GNU General Public License for more details.
596 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
597 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
598 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.