5 virt-what - detect if we are running in a virtual machine
13 C<virt-what> is a shell script which can be used to detect if the
14 program is running in a virtual machine.
16 The program prints out a list of "facts" about the virtual machine,
17 derived from heuristics. One fact is printed per line.
19 If nothing is printed and the script exits with code 0 (no error),
20 then it can mean I<either> that the program is running on bare-metal
21 I<or> the program is running inside a type of virtual machine which we
22 don't know about or cannot detect.
28 =item B<alibaba_cloud>
30 =item B<alibaba_cloud-ebm>
32 This is a cloud computing service based on Alibaba Cloud.
34 Status: contributed by Weisson.
40 Note that virt-what will print this fact for baremetal AWS instances,
41 which you might not consider to be true virtualization. In this case
42 other facts (eg. C<kvm> or C<xen>) would I<not> be present.
44 Status: contributed by Qi Guo, Vitaly Kuznetsov, confirmed by RWMJ.
48 This is a bhyve (FreeBSD hypervisor) guest.
50 Status: contributed by Leonardo Brondani Schenkel.
54 This is a Docker container.
56 Status: confirmed by Charles Nguyen
60 This is running on Google Cloud Platform / Google Compute Engine.
66 This is Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor.
68 Status: confirmed by RWMJ
70 =item B<ibm_power-kvm>
72 This is an IBM POWER KVM guest.
74 Status: contributed by Adrian Likins.
76 =item B<ibm_power-lpar_shared>
78 =item B<ibm_power-lpar_dedicated>
80 This is an IBM POWER LPAR (hardware partition) in either shared
83 Status: contributed by Adrian Likins.
87 This is an IBM SystemZ (or other S/390) hardware partitioning system.
88 Additional facts listed below may also be printed.
90 =item B<ibm_systemz-direct>
92 This is Linux running directly on a IBM SystemZ hardware partitioning
95 This is expected to be a highly unusual configuration - if
96 you see this result you should treat it with suspicion.
100 =item B<ibm_systemz-lpar>
102 This is Linux running directly on an LPAR on an IBM SystemZ
103 hardware partitioning system.
105 Status: confirmed by Thomas Huth
107 =item B<ibm_systemz-zvm>
109 This is a z/VM guest running in an LPAR on an IBM SystemZ
110 hardware partitioning system.
112 Status: confirmed by RWMJ using a Fedora guest running in z/VM
114 =item B<ibm_systemz-kvm>
116 This is a KVM guest running on an IBM System Z hardware system.
118 Status: contributed by Thomas Huth
122 The guest is running on Illumos with a Linux syscall emulation layer.
124 Status: contributed by Steve Mokris
128 The guest appears to be running on an Linux SPARC system with
129 Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) support.
131 Status: contributed by Darren Kenny
133 =item B<ldoms-control>
135 The is the Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) control domain.
137 Status: contributed by Darren Kenny
141 The is the Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) guest domain.
143 Status: contributed by Darren Kenny
147 The is the Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) I/O domain.
149 Status: contributed by Darren Kenny
153 The is the Oracle VM Server for SPARC (Logical Domains) Root domain.
155 Status: contributed by Darren Kenny
157 =item B<linux_vserver>
159 This is printed for backwards compatibility with older virt-what which
160 could not distinguish between a Linux VServer container guest and
163 =item B<linux_vserver-guest>
165 This process is running in a Linux VServer container.
167 Status: contributed by Barış Metin
169 =item B<linux_vserver-host>
171 This process is running as the Linux VServer host (VxID 0).
173 Status: contributed by Barış Metin and Elan Ruusamäe
177 This process is running in a Linux LXC container.
179 Status: contributed by Marc Fournier
183 This guest is running on the KVM hypervisor using hardware
186 Note that if the hypervisor is using software acceleration
187 you should I<not> see this, but should see the C<qemu> fact
190 Status: confirmed by RWMJ.
194 This guest is running on the KVM hypervisor using hardware
195 acceleration, and the userspace component of the hypervisor
196 is lkvm (a.k.a kvmtool).
198 Status: contributed by Andrew Jones
202 The guest is running inside Nutanix Acropolis Hypervisor (AHV).
204 Status: confirmed by RWMJ.
208 The guest appears to be running inside an OpenVZ or Virtuozzo
211 Status: contributed by Evgeniy Sokolov
215 The guest is running on an oVirt node.
216 (See also C<rhev> below).
218 Status: contributed by RWMJ, not confirmed
222 The guest is running inside Parallels Virtual Platform
223 (Parallels Desktop, Parallels Server).
225 Status: contributed by Justin Clift
229 This is a Podman container.
231 Status: contributed by Jordan Webb
233 =item B<powervm_lx86>
235 The guest is running inside IBM PowerVM Lx86 Linux/x86 emulator.
237 Status: data originally supplied by Jeffrey Scheel, confirmed by
238 Yufang Zhang and RWMJ
242 This is QEMU hypervisor using software emulation.
244 Note that for KVM (hardware accelerated) guests you should I<not> see
247 Status: confirmed by RWMJ.
251 The guest is running on a Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV) node.
253 Status: confirmed by RWMJ
257 The guest is running on the Red Hat hypervisor.
259 Status: confirmed by RWMJ
263 This is a User-Mode Linux (UML) guest.
265 Status: contributed by Laurent Léonard
269 Some sort of virtualization appears to be present, but we are not sure
270 what it is. In some very rare corner cases where we know that
271 virtualization is hard to detect, we will try a timing attack to see
272 if certain machine instructions are running much more slowly than they
273 should be, which would indicate virtualization. In this case, the
274 generic fact C<virt> is printed.
278 This is Hitachi Virtualization Manager (HVM) Virtage
279 hardware partitioning system.
281 Status: data supplied by Bhavna Sarathy, not confirmed
285 This is a VirtualBox guest.
287 Status: contributed by Laurent Léonard
291 The guest appears to be running on Microsoft VirtualPC.
293 Status: not confirmed
297 This is a vmm (OpenBSD hypervisor) guest.
299 Status: contributed by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse.
303 The guest appears to be running on VMware hypervisor.
305 Status: confirmed by RWMJ
309 The guest appears to be running on Xen hypervisor.
311 Status: confirmed by RWMJ
315 This is the Xen dom0 (privileged domain).
317 Status: confirmed by RWMJ
321 This is a Xen domU (paravirtualized guest domain).
323 Status: confirmed by RWMJ
327 This is a Xen guest fully virtualized (HVM).
329 Status: confirmed by RWMJ
335 Programs that use or wrap C<virt-what> should check that the exit
336 status is 0 before they attempt to parse the output of the command.
338 A non-zero exit status indicates some error, for example, an
339 unrecognized command line argument. If the exit status is non-zero
340 then the output "facts" (if any were printed) cannot be guaranteed and
343 The exit status does I<not> have anything to do with whether the
344 program is running on baremetal or under virtualization, nor with
345 whether C<virt-what> managed detection "correctly" (which is basically
346 unknowable given the large variety of virtualization systems out there
347 and that some systems deliberately emulate others).
349 =head1 RUNNING VIRT-WHAT FROM OTHER PROGRAMS
351 C<virt-what> is designed so that you can easily run it from
352 other programs or wrap it up in a library.
354 Your program should check the exit status (see the section above).
356 Some programming languages (notably Python: issue 1652) erroneously
357 mask the C<SIGPIPE> signal and do not restore it when executing
358 subprocesses. C<virt-what> is a shell script and some shell commands
359 do not work correctly when you do this. You may see warnings from
360 C<virt-what> similar to this:
362 echo: write error: Broken pipe
364 The solution is to set the C<SIGPIPE> signal handler back to C<SIG_DFL>
365 before running C<virt-what>.
367 =head1 IMPORTANT NOTE
369 Most of the time, using this program is the I<wrong> thing to do.
370 Instead you should detect the specific features you actually want to
371 use. (As an example, if you wanted to issue Xen hypervisor commands
372 you would look for the C</proc/xen/privcmd> file).
374 However people keep asking for this, so we provide it. There are a
379 =item Bug reporting tool
381 If you think that virtualization could affect how your program runs,
382 then you might use C<virt-what> to report this in a bug reporting
385 =item Status display and monitoring tools
387 You might include this information in status and monitoring programs.
389 =item System tuning (sometimes)
391 You might use this program to tune an operating system so it runs
392 better as a virtual machine of a particular hypervisor. However if
393 installing paravirtualized drivers, it's better to check for the
394 specific features your drivers need (eg. for the presence of PCI devices).
400 L<http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/virt-what/>,
401 L<http://www.vmware.com/>,
402 L<http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/winfamily/virtualpc>,
403 L<http://xensource.com/>,
404 L<http://bellard.org/qemu/>,
405 L<http://kvm.qumranet.com/>,
406 L<http://openvz.org/>
410 Richard W.M. Jones <rjones @ redhat . com>
414 (C) Copyright 2008-2022 Red Hat Inc.,
415 L<http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/virt-what/>
417 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
418 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
419 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
420 (at your option) any later version.
422 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
423 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
424 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
425 GNU General Public License for more details.
427 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
428 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
429 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
431 =head1 REPORTING BUGS
433 Bugs can be viewed on the Red Hat Bugzilla page:
434 L<https://bugzilla.redhat.com/>.
436 If you find a bug in virt-what, please follow these steps to report it:
440 =item 1. Check for existing bug reports
442 Go to L<https://bugzilla.redhat.com/> and search for similar bugs.
443 Someone may already have reported the same bug, and they may even
446 =item 2. Capture debug and error messages
450 virt-what > virt-what.log 2>&1
452 and keep I<virt-what.log>. It may contain error messages which you
453 should submit with your bug report.
455 =item 3. Get version of virt-what.
461 =item 4. Submit a bug report.
463 Go to L<https://bugzilla.redhat.com/> and enter a new bug.
464 Please describe the problem in as much detail as possible.
466 Remember to include the version numbers (step 3) and the debug
467 messages file (step 2) and as much other detail as possible.
469 =item 5. Assign the bug to rjones @ redhat.com
471 Assign or reassign the bug to B<rjones @ redhat.com> (without the
472 spaces). You can also send me an email with the bug number if you
473 want a faster response.