2 virt-p2v - P2V (physical to virtual machine) migration tool
8 virt-p2v is a live CD for migrating physical machines to virtual machine
11 In the simplest mode of operation, you take a pre-built live CD ISO from
12 the main website (<http://et.redhat.com/~rjones/virt-p2v/>) and burn it
13 to a CD-R. Then insert the CD-R into the physical machine which must be
14 migrated, reboot, and follow the on-screen instructions. See STANDARD
17 You may also build a customized live CD. Typically this will contain
18 things like server details specific to your organization, so that the
19 live CD can run mostly or completely automatically. See BUILDING A
20 CUSTOM LIVE CD section below.
22 In both cases, files and disk images are transferred from the physical
23 machine over the network to the virtualization host machine over ssh.
24 Therefore "sshd" must be running on the virtualization host, and must be
25 accessible to that host. See SERVER REQUIREMENTS section below.
27 The "virt-p2v" script must only be run from the live CD. It isn't
28 designed to run outside this environment and could do Bad Things to your
29 machine if you try it. The script contains some checks to try to stop
32 Virt-p2v does not modify the physical machine, its disks, configuration
36 After booting the live CD-R, you are presented with a series of
37 questions. This section explains each question.
40 Enter the name or IP address of the virtualization host. This is the
41 host running Xen (or any other virtualization system supported by
42 libvirt, eg. QEMU). This host should be accessible on the network
43 and running an SSH daemon ("sshd").
46 This is the port name or number of the SSH server on the remote
47 host. The default is 22 which is the standard SSH port.
50 Enter the directory on the remote host where disk image(s) and
51 configuration file(s) must reside.
53 Note that if the remote host is running SELinux then you may not be
54 able to start a Xen guest unless its disk image(s) are located in
55 the default directory, "/var/lib/xen/images".
58 Enter the remote SSH username to use to log in to the remote host.
60 If you use the default username of "root" then you should ensure
61 that remote root logins are enabled on the remote host (ie.
62 "PermitRootLogin yes" in "/etc/ssh/sshd_config").
65 Choose the way that the live CD configures network access. The
68 Automatic configuration
69 In this mode, the live CD attempts to reuse the network
70 configuration from the physical machine's root filesystem. You
71 should probably try this method even though occasionally it does
74 Ask for fixed IP address and gateway
75 In this mode the live CD will ask you for a fixed IP address and
76 gateway address, and will configure your chosen interface with
79 Configure from the shell
80 In this mode you will be dropped into a command shell and you
81 will need to issue the correct sequence of "/sbin/ifconfig"
82 commands in order to configure the network interface.
84 A typical sequence of commands which should bring up the network
87 /sbin/ifconfig eth0 AA.BB.CC.DD
88 /sbin/route add default gw GG.HH.II.JJ eth0
90 where "AA.BB.CC.DD" is the IP address and "GG.HH.II.JJ" is the
94 This option configures the network for use inside a QEMU user
96 (<http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC30>). It
97 should only be used by developers.
100 This question lists out all local block devices (hard disk drives
101 and similar) and asks you to choose which will be sent to the remote
102 host. You must send at least one block device.
105 This question lists out possible root filesystems and asks you to
106 choose the right one. Choose the filesystem which would normally be
107 mounted as "/" on the system.
109 Virt-p2v performs some autodetection and is in most cases able to
110 work out which filesystems are possible root filesystems. It
111 displays what it thinks is on each filesystem, but leaves it up to
112 the user to make a final decision.
114 The root filesystem is critical because it contains "/etc/fstab".
115 This is used during P2V both to determine how other filesystems are
116 normally mounted on the machine, and because this file and others
117 under "/etc" may need to be modified during P2V conversion.
119 If the machine has more than one root filesystem (typically because
120 the machine is dual-booted with another operating system), then you
121 must choose only one of them to perform the P2V conversion on.
124 This question asks you to choose the hypervisor / virtualization
125 system in use on the remote host.
127 If you select *Xen*, *QEMU* or *KVM* then virt-p2v will produce a
128 configuration file which is customized for the selected system. If
129 you select *Other* then virt-p2v will produce a generic
130 configuration file which will probably require hand-modification to
133 See also <http://libvirt.org/format.html>.
136 This question asks you to choose the machine architecture. Virt-p2v
137 can normally detect this, so you should leave it as *Auto-detect*.
140 This question asks you to choose the amount of memory (RAM) in
141 megabytes assigned to the virtual machine.
143 If the entry is left blank, then virt-p2v will try to autodetect how
144 much RAM is present in the physical machine and use that, and this
145 is probably a good choice for most simple migrations.
148 This question asks you to choose the number of virtual CPUs assigned
149 to the virtual machine. Choosing 1 causes the virtual machine to be
150 uniprocessor, and choosing some number greater than 1 causes the
151 virtual machine to be SMP.
153 If the entry is left blank, then virt-p2v will try to autodetect how
154 many CPU cores are present in the physical machine and use that, and
155 this is probably a good choice for most simple migrations.
158 Here you should enter a MAC address for the virtual machine's
159 emulated network card. MAC addresses are written as
160 "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff" where "aa", "bb" etc are hexadecimal octets.
162 Leaving it blank will cause virt-p2v to choose a random MAC address
163 within the "00:16:3e:.." space reserved for Xen guests. These MAC
164 addresses are not tested for uniqueness so there is a very small
165 chance that they could coincide, which would leave a guest unable to
166 access the virtual network.
169 In this step you are asked to verify the settings above. If any are
170 incorrect, use the *Back* button to navigate back to the setting. If
171 all settings are correct, use the *OK* button to begin the P2V
174 Network autoconfiguration
175 If you selected network autoconfiguration above then virt-p2v tries
176 to autoconfigure the network and ping the remote host. It then asks
177 *Did automatic network configuration work?*
179 You should answer "y" here if it worked.
181 Answering "n" will drop you into a command shell.
183 You can also switch to another virtual console if you need to
184 perform additional tests. See section GETTING A SHELL below.
187 Unless you have set up an SSH key, or the SSH server on the remote
188 host allows passwordless logins, then for each file that has to be
189 transferred to the remote host you will need to confirm the identity
190 of the remote host and/or enter a password.
192 To understand more about this, please see the ssh(1) manual page.
194 BOOTING P2V GUEST ON VIRTUALIZATION HOST
195 Once the P2V conversion has been completed, and assuming it was
196 successful, you will find a configuration file and one or more disk
197 images on the remote host.
199 The files will be located in the directory selected, usually
200 "/var/lib/xen/images". The names of the files are made up of:
202 "p2v-*hostname*-*YYYYMMDDHHMM*.conf" or
203 "p2v-*hostname*-*YYYYMMDDHHMM*-hd*X*.img"
205 To simply start up the guest, use the following commands as root:
207 virsh define p2v-foo-2008MMDDHHMM.conf
212 virsh -c qemu:///system define p2v-foo-2008MMDDHHMM.conf
213 virsh -c qemu:///system start foo
215 For other hypervisors you will need to edit the configuration file and
216 read <http://libvirt.org/uri.html>.
219 During all stages of P2V questions and conversion you can get a root
220 shell on the physical machine. Use *ALT* *F2* keys to switch to the
221 second virtual console, then log in as *root* with no password.
224 Virt-p2v writes a detailed log file to "/tmp/virt-p2v.log". (Note that
225 this "/tmp" directory is a ramdisk on the live CD, not the same as the
226 "/tmp" directory of the physical machine, and more importantly it
227 disappears when the machine is rebooted).
229 If you are reporting a bug, please always supply this file.
232 The virtualization host (remote host) must be running an SSH daemon
233 ("sshd"), accessible from the physical machine which is being migrated.
235 Previous versions of virt-p2v could use a special virt-p2v server.
236 However this capability has been removed since there was practically no
239 BUILDING A CUSTOM LIVE CD
240 To build a custom live CD you must download the source for virt-p2v from
241 <http://et.redhat.com/~rjones/virt-p2v/> or from the Mercurial source
242 repository (see website for details).
244 Please read the "README" file to find the dependencies which are all in
245 Fedora > 8 or EPEL > 5.
247 The steps to creating a custom live CD are:
249 1. Edit "virt-p2v" and adjust defaults
250 Find the section "TO MAKE A CUSTOM virt-p2v SCRIPT ..." which is
251 near to the top of this file. Edit the defaults in this section as
254 2. "virt-p2v --test" to verify your changes
255 This command should not print anything at all. If it prints any
256 message, then you will need to fix the error by going back to the
259 3. "make build" or "make update" to build a custom live CD
260 "make build" will create a complete ISO from scratch. "make update"
261 can be used to build a "quick" developer ISO by updating an existing
262 ISO image. See section ISO ATTACHMENTS below for more details.
264 4. Burn the ISO to a CD-R and test
266 EDITING DEFAULTS IN THE "virt-p2v" SCRIPT
267 For each default, setting it to "None" will ask the user. All of the
268 defaults are set to "None" in the standard, uncustomized virt-p2v
269 script, and so the standard script asks all the questions.
271 You may edit "virt-p2v" and change the defaults, in which case the user
272 will not be questioned. In this way you can make the script partially or
275 *Note about OCaml code:* "None" and "Some foo" are similar to the
276 concept of a NULL pointer versus non-NULL pointer in other languages.
277 This a variant type defined as:
279 type α option = None | Some of α
282 If this is "true" then we wait for a keypress after boot and at a
283 couple of other stages. If set to "false" then we try not to wait
284 for any keypresses (so more automated live CDs are possible).
287 Set this to "Some "hostname"" or "Some "IP-address"" to provide the
288 name of the remote host.
291 Set this to "Some port" (eg. "Some 22") to provide the port number
292 of the remote host's SSH daemon.
295 Set this to "Some "path"" (eg. "Some "/var/lib/xen/images"") to
296 provide the directory where we update P2V converted images and
300 Set this to "Some "username"" (eg. "Some "root"") to provide the SSH
301 username to use on the remote system.
304 Set this to a list of block devices to send to the remote system.
305 For example, "Some ["sda"; "sdb"]".
308 Set this to the name of the root filesystem.
310 For a disk partition (eg. "/dev/sda1"), use:
312 Some (Part ("sda", "1"))
314 For a logical volume (eg. "/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00"), use:
316 Some (LV ("VolGroup00", "LogVol00"))
319 Set this to the choice for network setup. Use one of:
322 for auto-configuration
325 to specify the interface, address, netmask and gateway
332 to use a QEMU user network (developers only)
334 "static_network_config"
335 This setting only applies if "network" is set to "Some Static", in
336 which case you should set this to the static network settings, a
337 tuple of (interface, address, netmask, gateway, nameserver):
339 Some ("eth0", "192.168.2.5", "255.255.255.0", "192.168.2.1", "192.168.2.1")
342 Set this to the choice of hypervisor or virtualization system. The
343 choices are: "Some Xen", "Some QEMU" or "Some KVM".
346 Set this to the architecture. The choices are: "Some I386" (i386 and
347 up, 32 bit), "Some X86_64" (AMD and Intel x86-64, 64 bit), "Some
348 IA64" (Intel IA64), "Some PPC" (PowerPC, 32 bit), "Some PPC64"
349 (PowerPC, 64 bit), "Some SPARC" (Sun SPARC, 32 bit), "Some SPARC64"
350 (Sun SPARC, 64 bit), "OtherArch "foo"" (a hypothetical architecture
351 called *foo*), or "UnknownArch" to auto-detect the architecture.
354 Set this to the size of memory in megabytes, eg. "Some 256". If you
355 set this to "Some 0" then virt-p2v will try to autodetect the amount
356 of RAM installed on the physical machine.
359 Set this to the number of virtual CPUs, eg. "Some 1". If you set
360 this to "Some 0" then virt-p2v will try to autodetect the number of
361 CPU cores on the physical machine.
364 Set this to the MAC address for the virtual network card, eg. "Some
365 "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff"". If you set this to "Some """ then virt-p2v
366 will choose a random MAC address within the "00:16:3e:.." space
367 reserved for Xen guests. These MAC addresses are not tested for
368 uniqueness so there is a very small chance that they could coincide,
369 which would leave a guest unable to access the virtual network.
372 Rebuilding a custom ISO is time-consuming. You can make a "quick"
373 developer ISO by updating an existing ISO image with a new custom
374 "virt-p2v" script. This is useful for testing purposes.
376 From the source directory, assuming that you have downloaded or built an
377 existing "virt-p2v-*.iso", you can just do:
381 or the equivalent manual command:
383 ./iso-attach virt-p2v-VERSION.iso virt-p2v
385 BOOTING FROM A USB KEY INSTEAD OF A CD
386 If you wish to boot from a USB keydrive, use the livecd-iso-to-disk
389 livecd-iso-to-disk virt-p2v-$VERSION.iso /dev/sdX1
391 (Replace /dev/sdX1 with the actual USB device).
393 In my experience I also had to set up a suitable MBR:
395 cat /usr/lib/syslinux/mbr.bin > /dev/sdX
397 TESTING AN ISO UNDER QEMU OR KVM
398 If you have a virtual guest running under QEMU or KVM then you can test
399 the P2V conversion process on the guest.
401 (Technically this is a V2V -- virtual to virtual -- conversion).
403 From the source directory do:
405 make boot HDA=qemuimage.img
407 where "qemuimage.img" is the name of the QEMU/KVM image.
409 You can also supply an "HDB" parameter to specify a second disk.
412 Please direct questions to the et-mgmt-tools mailing list
413 <http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/et-mgmt-tools> <et-mgmt-tools @
417 virsh(1), <http://www.libvirt.org/ocaml/>, <http://www.libvirt.org/>,
418 <http://et.redhat.com/~rjones/>, <http://caml.inria.fr/>
421 Richard W.M. Jones <rjones @ redhat . com>
424 (C) Copyright 2007-2008 Red Hat Inc., Richard W.M. Jones
427 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
428 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
429 Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
430 option) any later version.
432 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
433 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
434 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
435 Public License for more details.
437 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
438 with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
439 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
442 Bugs can be viewed on the Red Hat Bugzilla page:
443 <https://bugzilla.redhat.com/>.
445 If you find a bug in virt-p2v, please follow these steps to report it:
447 1. Check for existing bug reports
448 Go to <https://bugzilla.redhat.com/> and search for similar bugs.
449 Someone may already have reported the same bug, and they may even
452 2. Capture debug and error messages
453 At the point where you get the error or unexpected behaviour, go to
454 the second virtual console (*ALT* *F2*) and look at the logfile
455 "/tmp/virt-p2v.log". Please make sure that this file is attached to
458 3. Get version of virt-p2v
459 The version is in the name of the ISO. If you have built a custom
460 virt-p2v ISO, please describe any changes that you have made.
462 4. Submit a bug report.
463 Go to <https://bugzilla.redhat.com/> and enter a new bug. Please
464 describe the problem in as much detail as possible.
466 Remember to include the version number (step 3) and to attach the
469 5. Assign the bug to rjones @ redhat.com
470 Assign or reassign the bug to rjones @ redhat.com (without the
471 spaces). You can also send me an email with the bug number if you
472 want a faster response.