3 # Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc.
5 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 # (at your option) any later version.
10 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 # GNU General Public License for more details.
15 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
23 use Sys::Guestfs::Lib qw(open_guest get_partitions resolve_windows_path
24 inspect_all_partitions inspect_partition
25 inspect_operating_systems mount_operating_system);
28 use File::Temp qw/tempfile/;
29 use Locale::TextDomain 'libguestfs';
35 virt-tar - Extract or upload files to a virtual machine
39 virt-tar [--options] -x domname directory tarball
41 virt-tar [--options] -u domname tarball directory
43 virt-tar [--options] disk.img [disk.img ...] -x directory tarball
45 virt-tar [--options] disk.img [disk.img ...] -u tarball directory
49 Download C</home> from the VM into a local tarball:
51 virt-tar -x domname /home home.tar
53 virt-tar -zx domname /home home.tar.gz
55 Upload a local tarball and unpack it inside C</tmp> in the VM:
57 virt-tar -u domname uploadstuff.tar /tmp
59 virt-tar -zu domname uploadstuff.tar.gz /tmp
63 You must I<not> use C<virt-tar> with the C<-u> option (upload) on live
64 virtual machines. If you do this, you risk disk corruption in the VM.
65 C<virt-tar> tries to stop you from doing this, but doesn't catch all
68 You can use C<-x> (extract) on live virtual machines, but you might
69 get inconsistent results or errors if there is filesystem activity
70 inside the VM. If the live VM is synched and quiescent, then
71 C<virt-tar> will usually work, but the only way to guarantee
72 consistent results is if the virtual machine is shut down.
76 C<virt-tar> is a general purpose archive tool for downloading and
77 uploading parts of a guest filesystem. There are many possibilities:
78 making backups, uploading data files, snooping on guest activity,
79 fixing or customizing guests, etc.
81 If you want to just view a single file, use L<virt-cat(1)>. If you
82 just want to edit a single file, use L<virt-edit(1)>. For more
83 complex cases you should look at the L<guestfish(1)> tool.
85 There are two modes of operation: C<-x> (eXtract) downloads a
86 directory and its contents (recursively) from the virtual machine into
87 a local tarball. C<-u> uploads from a local tarball, unpacking it
88 into a directory inside the virtual machine. You cannot use these two
91 In addition, you may need to use the C<-z> (gZip) option to enable
92 compression. When uploading, you have to specify C<-z> if the upload
93 file is compressed because virt-tar won't detect this on its own.
95 C<virt-tar> can only handle tar (optionally gzipped) format tarballs.
96 For example it cannot do PKZip files or bzip2 compression. If you
97 want that then you'll have to rebuild the tarballs yourself. (This is
98 a limitation of the L<libguestfs(3)> API).
118 Display version number and exit.
124 =item B<--connect URI> | B<-c URI>
126 If using libvirt, connect to the given I<URI>. If omitted, then we
127 connect to the default libvirt hypervisor.
129 If you specify guest block devices directly, then libvirt is not used
136 =item B<-x> | B<--extract> | B<--download>
138 =item B<-u> | B<--upload>
140 Use C<-x> to extract (download) a directory from a virtual machine
143 Use C<-u> to upload and unpack from a local tarball into a virtual
144 machine. Please read the L</WARNING> section above before using this
147 You must specify exactly one of these options.
153 =item B<-z> | B<--gzip>
155 Specify that the input or output tarball is gzip-compressed.
163 die __"virt-tar: extract/upload mode specified twice on the command line\n"
170 die __"virt-tar: extract/upload mode specified twice on the command line\n"
175 Getopt::Long::Configure ("bundling");
176 GetOptions ("help|?" => \$help,
177 "version" => \$version,
178 "connect|c=s" => \$uri,
179 "extract|download|x" => \&set_mode_x,
180 "upload|u" => \&set_mode_u,
183 pod2usage (1) if $help;
185 my $g = Sys::Guestfs->new ();
186 my %h = $g->version ();
187 print "$h{major}.$h{minor}.$h{release}$h{extra}\n";
191 pod2usage (__"virt-tar: no image, VM names, directory or filename given")
194 die __"virt-tar: either -x or -u must be specified on the command line\n"
197 # Note: 'pop' reads arguments right to left.
198 my ($tarball, $directory);
200 $tarball = pop @ARGV;
201 $directory = pop @ARGV;
202 } else { # $mode eq "u"
203 $directory = pop @ARGV;
204 $tarball = pop @ARGV;
205 die __"virt-tar: $tarball: file not found\n" unless -f $tarball;
207 die __"virt-tar: $directory: directory name must start with '/' character\n"
208 unless substr ($directory, 0, 1) eq "/";
211 push @args, address => $uri if $uri;
212 push @args, rw => 1 if $mode eq "u";
214 my $g = open_guest (@args);
217 # List of possible filesystems.
218 my @partitions = get_partitions ($g);
220 # Now query each one to build up a picture of what's in it.
222 inspect_all_partitions ($g, \@partitions,
223 use_windows_registry => 0);
225 my $oses = inspect_operating_systems ($g, \%fses);
227 my @roots = keys %$oses;
228 die __"no root device found in this operating system image\n" if @roots == 0;
229 die __"multiboot operating systems are not supported by virt-tar\n" if @roots > 1;
230 my $root_dev = $roots[0];
232 my $os = $oses->{$root_dev};
233 mount_operating_system ($g, $os, $mode eq "u" ? 0 : 1);
235 # Do the tar command.
238 $g->tgz_out ($directory, $tarball);
240 $g->tar_out ($directory, $tarball);
242 } else { # mode eq "u"
244 $g->tgz_in ($tarball, $directory);
246 $g->tar_in ($tarball, $directory);
264 L<Sys::Guestfs::Lib(3)>,
266 L<http://libguestfs.org/>.
270 Richard W.M. Jones L<http://et.redhat.com/~rjones/>
274 Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc.
276 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
277 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
278 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
279 (at your option) any later version.
281 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
282 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
283 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
284 GNU General Public License for more details.
286 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
287 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
288 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.