5 virt-inspector - Display operating system version and other information about a virtual machine
9 virt-inspector [--options] -d domname
11 virt-inspector [--options] -a disk.img [-a disk.img ...]
15 virt-inspector domname
17 virt-inspector disk.img [disk.img ...]
21 B<virt-inspector> examines a virtual machine or disk image and tries
22 to determine the version of the operating system and other information
23 about the virtual machine.
25 Virt-inspector produces XML output for feeding into other programs.
27 In the normal usage, use C<virt-inspector -d domname> where C<domname> is
28 the libvirt domain (see: C<virsh list --all>).
30 You can also run virt-inspector directly on disk images from a single
31 virtual machine. Use C<virt-inspector -a disk.img>. In rare cases a
32 domain has several block devices, in which case you should list
33 several I<-a> options one after another, with the first corresponding
34 to the guest's C</dev/sda>, the second to the guest's C</dev/sdb> and
37 You can also run virt-inspector on install disks, live CDs, bootable
40 Virt-inspector can only inspect and report upon I<one domain at a
41 time>. To inspect several virtual machines, you have to run
42 virt-inspector several times (for example, from a shell script
45 Because virt-inspector needs direct access to guest images, it won't
46 normally work over remote libvirt connections.
48 All of the information available from virt-inspector is also available
49 through the core libguestfs inspection API (see
50 L<guestfs(3)/INSPECTION>). The same information can also be fetched
51 using guestfish or via libguestfs bindings in many programming
53 (see L<guestfs(3)/USING LIBGUESTFS WITH OTHER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES>).
67 Add I<file> which should be a disk image from a virtual machine. If
68 the virtual machine has multiple block devices, you must supply all of
69 them with separate I<-a> options.
71 The format of the disk image is auto-detected. To override this and
72 force a particular format use the I<--format=..> option.
76 =item B<--connect URI>
78 If using libvirt, connect to the given I<URI>. If omitted,
79 then we connect to the default libvirt hypervisor.
81 Libvirt is only used if you specify a C<domname> on the
82 command line. If you specify guest block devices directly (I<-a>),
83 then libvirt is not used at all.
87 =item B<--domain> guest
89 Add all the disks from the named libvirt guest.
93 When prompting for keys and passphrases, virt-inspector normally turns
94 echoing off so you cannot see what you are typing. If you are not
95 worried about Tempest attacks and there is no one else in the room you
96 can specify this flag to see what you are typing.
98 =item B<--format=raw|qcow2|..>
102 Specify the format of disk images given on the command line. If this
103 is omitted then the format is autodetected from the content of the
106 If disk images are requested from libvirt, then this program asks
107 libvirt for this information. In this case, the value of the format
108 parameter is ignored.
110 If working with untrusted raw-format guest disk images, you should
111 ensure the format is always specified.
113 =item B<--keys-from-stdin>
115 Read key or passphrase parameters from stdin. The default is
116 to try to read passphrases from the user by opening C</dev/tty>.
122 Enable verbose messages for debugging.
128 Display version number and exit.
132 Enable tracing of libguestfs API calls.
136 =head1 OLD-STYLE COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS
138 Previous versions of virt-inspector allowed you to write either:
140 virt-inspector disk.img [disk.img ...]
144 virt-inspector guestname
146 whereas in this version you should use I<-a> or I<-d> respectively
147 to avoid the confusing case where a disk image might have the same
150 For compatibility the old style is still supported.
154 The virt-inspector XML is described precisely in a RELAX NG schema
155 file C<virt-inspector.rng> which is supplied with libguestfs. This
156 section is just an overview.
158 The top-level element is E<lt>operatingsystemsE<gt>, and it contains
159 one or more E<lt>operatingsystemE<gt> elements. You would only see
160 more than one E<lt>operatingsystemE<gt> element if the virtual machine
161 is multi-boot, which is vanishingly rare in real world VMs.
163 =head2 E<lt>operatingsystemE<gt>
165 In the E<lt>operatingsystemE<gt> tag are various optional fields that
166 describe the operating system, its architecture, the descriptive
167 "product name" string, the type of OS and so on, as in this example:
171 <root>/dev/sda2</root>
174 <distro>windows</distro>
175 <product_name>Windows 7 Enterprise</product_name>
176 <product_variant>Client</product_variant>
177 <major_version>6</major_version>
178 <minor_version>1</minor_version>
179 <windows_systemroot>/Windows</windows_systemroot>
180 <format>installed</format>
182 In brief, E<lt>nameE<gt> is the class of operating system (something
183 like C<linux> or C<windows>), E<lt>distroE<gt> is the distribution
184 (eg. C<fedora> but many other distros are recognized) and
185 E<lt>archE<gt> is the guest architecture. The other fields are fairly
186 self-explanatory, but because these fields are taken directly from the
187 libguestfs inspection API you can find precise information from
188 L<guestfs(3)/INSPECTION>.
190 The E<lt>rootE<gt> element is the root filesystem device, but from the
191 point of view of libguestfs (block devices may have completely
192 different names inside the VM itself).
194 =head2 E<lt>mountpointsE<gt>
196 Un*x-like guests typically have multiple filesystems which are mounted
197 at various mountpoints, and these are described in the
198 E<lt>mountpointsE<gt> element which looks like this:
204 <mountpoint dev="/dev/vg_f13x64/lv_root">/</mountpoint>
205 <mountpoint dev="/dev/sda1">/boot</mountpoint>
208 As with E<lt>rootE<gt>, devices are from the point of view of
209 libguestfs, and may have completely different names inside the guest.
210 Only mountable filesystems appear in this list, not things like swap
213 =head2 E<lt>filesystemsE<gt>
215 E<lt>filesystemsE<gt> is like E<lt>mountpointsE<gt> but covers I<all>
216 filesystems belonging to the guest, including swap and empty
217 partitions. (In the rare case of a multi-boot guest, it covers
218 filesystems belonging to this OS or shared with this OS and other
221 You might see something like this:
227 <filesystem dev="/dev/vg_f13x64/lv_root">
229 <label>Fedora-13-x86_64</label>
230 <uuid>e6a4db1e-15c2-477b-ac2a-699181c396aa</uuid>
233 The optional elements within E<lt>filesystemE<gt> are the filesystem
234 type, the label, and the UUID.
236 =head2 E<lt>applicationsE<gt>
238 The related elements E<lt>package_formatE<gt>,
239 E<lt>package_managementE<gt> and E<lt>applicationsE<gt> describe
240 applications installed in the virtual machine.
242 E<lt>package_formatE<gt>, if present, describes the packaging
243 system used. Typical values would be C<rpm> and C<deb>.
245 E<lt>package_managementE<gt>, if present, describes the package
246 manager. Typical values include C<yum>, C<up2date> and C<apt>
248 E<lt>applicationsE<gt> lists the packages or applications
256 <name>coreutils</name>
257 <version>8.5</version>
261 The version and release fields may not be available for some types
262 guests. Other fields are possible, see
263 L<guestfs(3)/guestfs_inspect_list_applications>.
265 =head2 E<lt>drive_mappingsE<gt>
267 For operating systems like Windows which use drive letters,
268 virt-inspector is able to find out how drive letters map to
275 <drive_mapping name="C">/dev/sda2</drive_mapping>
276 <drive_mapping name="E">/dev/sdb1</drive_mapping>
279 In the example above, drive C maps to the filesystem on the second
280 partition on the first disk, and drive E maps to the filesystem on the
281 first partition on the second disk.
283 Note that this only covers permanent local filesystem mappings, not
284 things like network shares. Furthermore NTFS volume mount points may
287 =head2 INSPECTING INSTALL DISKS, LIVE CDs
289 Virt-inspector can detect some operating system installers on
290 install disks, live CDs, bootable USB keys and more.
292 In this case the E<lt>formatE<gt> tag will contain C<installer>
293 and other fields may be present to indicate a live CD, network
294 installer, or one part of a multipart CD. For example:
298 <root>/dev/sda</root>
301 <distro>ubuntu</distro>
302 <product_name>Ubuntu 10.10 "Maverick Meerkat"</product_name>
303 <major_version>10</major_version>
304 <minor_version>10</minor_version>
305 <format>installer</format>
310 You can use the XPath query language, and/or the xpath tool, in order
311 to select parts of the XML.
315 $ virt-inspector -d Guest | xpath //filesystems
319 <filesystem dev="/dev/vg_f13x64/lv_root">
323 $ virt-inspector -d Guest | \
324 xpath "string(//filesystem[@dev='/dev/sda1']/type)"
325 Query didn't return a nodeset. Value: ext4
329 Libvirt guest names can contain arbitrary characters, some of which
330 have meaning to the shell such as C<#> and space. You may need to
331 quote or escape these characters on the command line. See the shell
332 manual page L<sh(1)> for details.
334 =head1 OLD VERSIONS OF VIRT-INSPECTOR
336 Early versions of libguestfs shipped with a different virt-inspector
337 program written in Perl (the current version is written in C). The
338 XML output of the Perl virt-inspector was different and it could also
339 output in other formats like text.
341 The old virt-inspector is no longer supported or shipped with
344 To confuse matters further, in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 we ship two
345 versions of virt-inspector with different names:
347 virt-inspector Old Perl version.
348 virt-inspector2 New C version.
354 L<http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/>,
355 L<http://libguestfs.org/>.
363 Richard W.M. Jones L<http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/>
367 Matthew Booth L<mbooth@redhat.com>
373 Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Red Hat Inc.
375 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
376 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
377 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
378 (at your option) any later version.
380 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
381 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
382 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
383 GNU General Public License for more details.
385 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
386 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
387 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.