3 # Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc.
5 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 # (at your option) any later version.
10 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 # GNU General Public License for more details.
15 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
23 use Sys::Guestfs::Lib qw(open_guest get_partitions resolve_windows_path
24 inspect_all_partitions inspect_partition
25 inspect_operating_systems mount_operating_system inspect_in_detail);
30 use Locale::TextDomain 'libguestfs';
33 eval "use YAML::Any;";
39 virt-inspector - Display OS version, kernel, drivers, mount points, applications, etc. in a virtual machine
43 virt-inspector [--connect URI] domname
45 virt-inspector guest.img [guest.img ...]
49 B<virt-inspector> examines a virtual machine and tries to determine
50 the version of the OS, the kernel version, what drivers are installed,
51 whether the virtual machine is fully virtualized (FV) or
52 para-virtualized (PV), what applications are installed and more.
54 Virt-inspector can produce output in several formats, including a
55 readable text report, and XML for feeding into other programs.
57 In the normal usage, use C<virt-inspector domname> where C<domname> is
58 the libvirt domain (see: C<virsh list --all>).
60 You can also run virt-inspector directly on disk images from a single
61 virtual machine. Use C<virt-inspector guest.img>. In rare cases a
62 domain has several block devices, in which case you should list them
63 one after another, with the first corresponding to the guest's
64 C</dev/sda>, the second to the guest's C</dev/sdb> and so on.
66 Virt-inspector can only inspect and report upon I<one domain at a
67 time>. To inspect several virtual machines, you have to run
68 virt-inspector several times (for example, from a shell script
71 Because virt-inspector needs direct access to guest images, it won't
72 normally work over remote libvirt connections.
92 Display version number and exit.
98 =item B<--connect URI> | B<-c URI>
100 If using libvirt, connect to the given I<URI>. If omitted,
101 then we connect to the default libvirt hypervisor.
103 Libvirt is only used if you specify a C<domname> on the
104 command line. If you specify guest block devices directly,
105 then libvirt is not used at all.
113 The following options select the output format. Use only one of them.
114 The default is a readable text report.
118 =item B<--text> (default)
124 Produce no output at all.
128 If you select I<--xml> then you get XML output which can be fed
133 If you select I<--yaml> then you get YAML output which can be fed
138 If you select I<--perl> then you get Perl structures output which
139 can be used directly in another Perl program.
145 If you select I<--fish> then we print a L<guestfish(1)> command
146 line which will automatically mount up the filesystems on the
147 correct mount points. Try this for example:
149 guestfish $(virt-inspector --fish guest.img)
151 I<--ro-fish> is the same, but the I<--ro> option is passed to
152 guestfish so that the filesystems are mounted read-only.
156 In "query mode" we answer common questions about the guest, such
157 as whether it is fullvirt or needs a Xen hypervisor to run.
159 See section I<QUERY MODE> below.
163 my $windows_registry;
165 =item B<--windows-registry>
167 If this item is passed, I<and> the guest is Windows, I<and> the
168 external program C<reged> is available (see SEE ALSO section), then we
169 attempt to parse the Windows registry. This allows much more
170 information to be gathered for Windows guests.
172 This is quite an expensive and slow operation, so we don't do it by
179 GetOptions ("help|?" => \$help,
180 "version" => \$version,
181 "connect|c=s" => \$uri,
182 "text" => sub { $output = "text" },
183 "none" => sub { $output = "none" },
184 "xml" => sub { $output = "xml" },
185 "yaml" => sub { $output = "yaml" },
186 "perl" => sub { $output = "perl" },
187 "fish" => sub { $output = "fish" },
188 "guestfish" => sub { $output = "fish" },
189 "ro-fish" => sub { $output = "ro-fish" },
190 "ro-guestfish" => sub { $output = "ro-fish" },
191 "query" => sub { $output = "query" },
192 "windows-registry" => \$windows_registry,
194 pod2usage (1) if $help;
196 my $g = Sys::Guestfs->new ();
197 my %h = $g->version ();
198 print "$h{major}.$h{minor}.$h{release}$h{extra}\n";
201 pod2usage (__"virt-inspector: no image or VM names given") if @ARGV == 0;
204 $rw = 1 if $output eq "fish";
209 ($g, $conn, $dom, @images) =
210 open_guest (\@ARGV, rw => $rw, address => $uri);
213 ($g, $conn, $dom, @images) =
214 open_guest (\@ARGV, rw => $rw);
223 Linux (distro + version)
227 +--- Filesystems ---------- Installed apps --- Kernel & drivers
228 ----------- -------------- ----------------
229 mount point => device List of apps Extra information
230 mount point => device and versions about kernel(s)
233 (plus lots of extra information
234 about each filesystem)
236 The output of virt-inspector is a complex two-level data structure.
238 At the top level is a list of the operating systems installed on the
239 guest. (For the vast majority of guests, only a single OS is
240 installed.) The data returned for the OS includes the name (Linux,
241 Windows), the distribution and version.
243 The diagram above shows what we return for each OS.
245 With the I<--xml> option the output is mapped into an XML document.
246 There is a RELAX-NG schema for this XML in the file
247 I<virt-inspector.rng> which normally ships with virt-inspector, or can
248 be found in the source.
250 With the I<--fish> or I<--ro-fish> option the mount points are mapped to
251 L<guestfish(1)> command line parameters, so that you can go in
252 afterwards and inspect the guest with everything mounted in the
253 right place. For example:
255 guestfish $(virt-inspector --ro-fish guest.img)
256 ==> guestfish --ro -a guest.img -m /dev/VG/LV:/ -m /dev/sda1:/boot
260 # List of possible filesystems.
261 my @partitions = get_partitions ($g);
263 # Now query each one to build up a picture of what's in it.
265 inspect_all_partitions ($g, \@partitions,
266 use_windows_registry => $windows_registry);
268 #print "fses -----------\n";
269 #print Dumper(\%fses);
271 my $oses = inspect_operating_systems ($g, \%fses);
273 #print "oses -----------\n";
274 #print Dumper($oses);
276 # Mount up the disks so we can check for applications
277 # and kernels. Skip this if the output is "*fish" because
278 # we don't need to know.
280 if ($output !~ /.*fish$/) {
282 foreach $root_dev (sort keys %$oses) {
283 my $os = $oses->{$root_dev};
284 mount_operating_system ($g, $os);
285 inspect_in_detail ($g, $os);
290 #----------------------------------------------------------------------
293 if ($output eq "fish" || $output eq "ro-fish") {
294 my @osdevs = keys %$oses;
295 # This only works if there is a single OS.
296 die __"--fish output is only possible with a single OS\n" if @osdevs != 1;
298 my $root_dev = $osdevs[0];
300 if ($output eq "ro-fish") {
304 print "-a $_ " foreach @images;
306 my $mounts = $oses->{$root_dev}->{mounts};
307 # Have to mount / first. Luckily '/' is early in the ASCII
308 # character set, so this should be OK.
309 foreach (sort keys %$mounts) {
310 print "-m $mounts->{$_}:$_ " if $_ ne "swap" && $_ ne "none";
316 elsif ($output eq "perl") {
317 print Dumper(%$oses);
321 elsif ($output eq "yaml") {
322 die __"virt-inspector: no YAML support\n"
323 unless exists $INC{"YAML/Any.pm"};
328 # Plain text output (the default).
329 elsif ($output eq "text") {
334 elsif ($output eq "xml") {
339 elsif ($output eq "query") {
345 output_text_os ($oses->{$_}) foreach sort keys %$oses;
352 print $os->{os}, " " if exists $os->{os};
353 print $os->{distro}, " " if exists $os->{distro};
354 print $os->{arch}, " " if exists $os->{arch};
355 print $os->{major_version} if exists $os->{major_version};
356 print ".", $os->{minor_version} if exists $os->{minor_version};
358 print "on ", $os->{root_device}, ":\n";
360 print __" Mountpoints:\n";
361 my $mounts = $os->{mounts};
362 foreach (sort keys %$mounts) {
363 printf " %-30s %s\n", $mounts->{$_}, $_
366 print __" Filesystems:\n";
367 my $filesystems = $os->{filesystems};
368 foreach (sort keys %$filesystems) {
370 print " label: $filesystems->{$_}{label}\n"
371 if exists $filesystems->{$_}{label};
372 print " UUID: $filesystems->{$_}{uuid}\n"
373 if exists $filesystems->{$_}{uuid};
374 print " type: $filesystems->{$_}{fstype}\n"
375 if exists $filesystems->{$_}{fstype};
376 print " content: $filesystems->{$_}{content}\n"
377 if exists $filesystems->{$_}{content};
380 if (exists $os->{modprobe_aliases}) {
381 my %aliases = %{$os->{modprobe_aliases}};
382 my @keys = sort keys %aliases;
384 print __" Modprobe aliases:\n";
386 printf " %-30s %s\n", $_, $aliases{$_}->{modulename}
391 if (exists $os->{initrd_modules}) {
392 my %modvers = %{$os->{initrd_modules}};
393 my @keys = sort keys %modvers;
395 print __" Initrd modules:\n";
397 my @modules = @{$modvers{$_}};
399 print " $_\n" foreach @modules;
404 print __" Applications:\n";
405 my @apps = @{$os->{apps}};
407 print " $_->{name} $_->{version}\n"
410 print __" Kernels:\n";
411 my @kernels = @{$os->{kernels}};
413 print " $_->{version} ($_->{arch})\n";
414 my @modules = @{$_->{modules}};
420 if (exists $os->{root}->{registry}) {
421 print __" Windows Registry entries:\n";
422 # These are just lumps of text - dump them out.
423 foreach (@{$os->{root}->{registry}}) {
431 my $xml = new XML::Writer(DATA_MODE => 1, DATA_INDENT => 2);
433 $xml->startTag("operatingsystems");
434 output_xml_os ($oses->{$_}, $xml) foreach sort keys %$oses;
435 $xml->endTag("operatingsystems");
444 $xml->startTag("operatingsystem");
446 foreach ( [ "name" => "os" ],
447 [ "distro" => "distro" ],
448 [ "arch" => "arch" ],
449 [ "major_version" => "major_version" ],
450 [ "minor_version" => "minor_version" ],
451 [ "package_format" => "package_format" ],
452 [ "package_management" => "package_management" ],
453 [ "root" => "root_device" ] ) {
454 $xml->dataElement($_->[0], $os->{$_->[1]}) if exists $os->{$_->[1]};
457 $xml->startTag("mountpoints");
458 my $mounts = $os->{mounts};
459 foreach (sort keys %$mounts) {
460 $xml->dataElement("mountpoint", $_, "dev" => $mounts->{$_});
462 $xml->endTag("mountpoints");
464 $xml->startTag("filesystems");
465 my $filesystems = $os->{filesystems};
466 foreach (sort keys %$filesystems) {
467 $xml->startTag("filesystem", "dev" => $_);
469 foreach my $field ( [ "label" => "label" ],
470 [ "uuid" => "uuid" ],
471 [ "type" => "fstype" ],
472 [ "content" => "content" ],
473 [ "spec" => "spec" ] ) {
474 $xml->dataElement($field->[0], $filesystems->{$_}{$field->[1]})
475 if exists $filesystems->{$_}{$field->[1]};
478 $xml->endTag("filesystem");
480 $xml->endTag("filesystems");
482 if (exists $os->{modprobe_aliases}) {
483 my %aliases = %{$os->{modprobe_aliases}};
484 my @keys = sort keys %aliases;
486 $xml->startTag("modprobealiases");
488 $xml->startTag("alias", "device" => $_);
490 foreach my $field ( [ "modulename" => "modulename" ],
491 [ "augeas" => "augeas" ],
492 [ "file" => "file" ] ) {
493 $xml->dataElement($field->[0], $aliases{$_}->{$field->[1]});
496 $xml->endTag("alias");
498 $xml->endTag("modprobealiases");
502 if (exists $os->{initrd_modules}) {
503 my %modvers = %{$os->{initrd_modules}};
504 my @keys = sort keys %modvers;
506 $xml->startTag("initrds");
508 my @modules = @{$modvers{$_}};
509 $xml->startTag("initrd", "version" => $_);
510 $xml->dataElement("module", $_) foreach @modules;
511 $xml->endTag("initrd");
513 $xml->endTag("initrds");
517 $xml->startTag("applications");
518 my @apps = @{$os->{apps}};
520 $xml->startTag("application");
521 $xml->dataElement("name", $_->{name});
522 $xml->dataElement("epoch", $_->{epoch}) if defined $_->{epoch};
523 $xml->dataElement("version", $_->{version});
524 $xml->dataElement("release", $_->{release});
525 $xml->dataElement("arch", $_->{arch});
526 $xml->endTag("application");
528 $xml->endTag("applications");
530 if(defined($os->{boot}) && defined($os->{boot}->{configs})) {
531 my $default = $os->{boot}->{default};
532 my $configs = $os->{boot}->{configs};
534 $xml->startTag("boot");
535 for(my $i = 0; $i < scalar(@$configs); $i++) {
536 my $config = $configs->[$i];
539 push(@attrs, ("default" => 1)) if($default == $i);
540 $xml->startTag("config", @attrs);
541 $xml->dataElement("title", $config->{title});
542 $xml->dataElement("kernel", $config->{kernel}->{version})
543 if(defined($config->{kernel}));
544 $xml->dataElement("cmdline", $config->{cmdline})
545 if(defined($config->{cmdline}));
546 $xml->endTag("config");
548 $xml->endTag("boot");
551 if ($os->{kernels}) {
552 $xml->startTag("kernels");
553 my @kernels = @{$os->{kernels}};
555 $xml->startTag("kernel",
556 "version" => $_->{version},
557 "arch" => $_->{arch});
558 $xml->startTag("modules");
559 my @modules = @{$_->{modules}};
561 $xml->dataElement("module", $_);
563 $xml->endTag("modules");
564 $xml->dataElement("path", $_->{path}) if(defined($_->{path}));
565 $xml->dataElement("package", $_->{package}) if(defined($_->{package}));
566 $xml->endTag("kernel");
568 $xml->endTag("kernels");
571 if (exists $os->{root}->{registry}) {
572 $xml->startTag("windowsregistryentries");
573 # These are just lumps of text - dump them out.
574 foreach (@{$os->{root}->{registry}}) {
575 $xml->dataElement("windowsregistryentry", $_);
577 $xml->endTag("windowsregistryentries");
580 $xml->endTag("operatingsystem");
585 When you use C<virt-inspector --query>, the output is a series of
593 (each answer is usually C<yes> or C<no>, or the line is completely
594 missing if we could not determine the answer at all).
596 If the guest is multiboot, you can get apparently conflicting answers
597 (eg. C<windows=yes> and C<linux=yes>, or a guest which is both
598 fullvirt and has a Xen PV kernel). This is normal, and just means
599 that the guest can do both things, although it might require operator
600 intervention such as selecting a boot option when the guest is
603 This section describes the full range of answers possible.
611 output_query_windows ();
612 output_query_linux ();
613 output_query_rhel ();
614 output_query_fedora ();
615 output_query_debian ();
616 output_query_fullvirt ();
617 output_query_xen_domU_kernel ();
618 output_query_xen_pv_drivers ();
619 output_query_virtio_drivers ();
620 output_query_kernel_arch ();
621 output_query_userspace_arch ();
624 =item windows=(yes|no)
626 Answer C<yes> if Microsoft Windows is installed in the guest.
630 sub output_query_windows
633 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
634 $windows="yes" if $oses->{$os}->{os} eq "windows";
636 print "windows=$windows\n";
641 Answer C<yes> if a Linux kernel is installed in the guest.
645 sub output_query_linux
648 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
649 $linux="yes" if $oses->{$os}->{os} eq "linux";
651 print "linux=$linux\n";
656 Answer C<yes> if the guest contains Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
660 sub output_query_rhel
663 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
664 $rhel="yes" if ($oses->{$os}->{os} eq "linux" &&
665 $oses->{$os}->{distro} eq "rhel");
667 print "rhel=$rhel\n";
670 =item fedora=(yes|no)
672 Answer C<yes> if the guest contains the Fedora Linux distribution.
676 sub output_query_fedora
679 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
680 $fedora="yes" if $oses->{$os}->{os} eq "linux" && $oses->{$os}->{distro} eq "fedora";
682 print "fedora=$fedora\n";
685 =item debian=(yes|no)
687 Answer C<yes> if the guest contains the Debian Linux distribution.
691 sub output_query_debian
694 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
695 $debian="yes" if $oses->{$os}->{os} eq "linux" && $oses->{$os}->{distro} eq "debian";
697 print "debian=$debian\n";
700 =item fullvirt=(yes|no)
702 Answer C<yes> if there is at least one operating system kernel
703 installed in the guest which runs fully virtualized. Such a guest
704 would require a hypervisor which supports full system virtualization.
708 sub output_query_fullvirt
710 # The assumption is full-virt, unless all installed kernels
711 # are identified as paravirt.
712 # XXX Fails on Windows guests.
713 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
714 foreach my $kernel (@{$oses->{$os}->{kernels}}) {
715 my $is_pv = $kernel->{version} =~ m/xen/;
717 print "fullvirt=yes\n";
722 print "fullvirt=no\n";
725 =item xen_domU_kernel=(yes|no)
727 Answer C<yes> if there is at least one Linux kernel installed in
728 the guest which is compiled as a Xen DomU (a Xen paravirtualized
733 sub output_query_xen_domU_kernel
735 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
736 foreach my $kernel (@{$oses->{$os}->{kernels}}) {
737 my $is_xen = $kernel->{version} =~ m/xen/;
739 print "xen_domU_kernel=yes\n";
744 print "xen_domU_kernel=no\n";
747 =item xen_pv_drivers=(yes|no)
749 Answer C<yes> if the guest has Xen paravirtualized drivers installed
750 (usually the kernel itself will be fully virtualized, but the PV
751 drivers have been installed by the administrator for performance
756 sub output_query_xen_pv_drivers
758 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
759 foreach my $kernel (@{$oses->{$os}->{kernels}}) {
760 foreach my $module (@{$kernel->{modules}}) {
761 if ($module =~ m/xen-/) {
762 print "xen_pv_drivers=yes\n";
768 print "xen_pv_drivers=no\n";
771 =item virtio_drivers=(yes|no)
773 Answer C<yes> if the guest has virtio paravirtualized drivers
774 installed. Virtio drivers are commonly used to improve the
779 sub output_query_virtio_drivers
781 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
782 foreach my $kernel (@{$oses->{$os}->{kernels}}) {
783 foreach my $module (@{$kernel->{modules}}) {
784 if ($module =~ m/virtio_/) {
785 print "virtio_drivers=yes\n";
791 print "virtio_drivers=no\n";
794 =item userspace_arch=(x86_64|...)
796 Print the architecture of userspace.
798 NB. For multi-boot VMs this can print several lines.
802 sub output_query_userspace_arch
806 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
807 $arches{$oses->{$os}->{arch}} = 1 if exists $oses->{$os}->{arch};
810 foreach (sort keys %arches) {
811 print "userspace_arch=$_\n";
815 =item kernel_arch=(x86_64|...)
817 Print the architecture of the kernel.
819 NB. For multi-boot VMs this can print several lines.
823 sub output_query_kernel_arch
827 foreach my $os (keys %$oses) {
828 foreach my $kernel (@{$oses->{$os}->{kernels}}) {
829 $arches{$kernel->{arch}} = 1 if exists $kernel->{arch};
833 foreach (sort keys %arches) {
834 print "kernel_arch=$_\n";
845 L<Sys::Guestfs::Lib(3)>,
847 L<http://libguestfs.org/>.
849 For Windows registry parsing we require the C<reged> program
850 from L<http://home.eunet.no/~pnordahl/ntpasswd/>.
854 Richard W.M. Jones L<http://et.redhat.com/~rjones/>
856 Matthew Booth L<mbooth@redhat.com>
860 Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc.
862 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
863 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
864 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
865 (at your option) any later version.
867 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
868 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
869 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
870 GNU General Public License for more details.
872 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
873 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
874 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.