1 /* libguestfs - the guestfsd daemon
2 * Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Red Hat Inc.
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 * (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
29 #include <rpc/types.h>
32 #include <sys/param.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
38 #include <sys/select.h>
40 #include <arpa/inet.h>
41 #include <netinet/in.h>
50 #include "ignore-value.h"
55 static char *read_cmdline (void);
58 # define MAX(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))
61 /* Not the end of the world if this open flag is not defined. */
66 /* If root device is an ext2 filesystem, this is the major and minor.
67 * This is so we can ignore this device from the point of view of the
68 * user, eg. in guestfs_list_devices and many other places.
70 static dev_t root_device = 0;
74 static int print_shell_quote (FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info, const void *const *args);
75 static int print_sysroot_shell_quote (FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info, const void *const *args);
76 #ifdef HAVE_REGISTER_PRINTF_SPECIFIER
77 static int print_arginfo (const struct printf_info *info, size_t n, int *argtypes, int *size);
79 #ifdef HAVE_REGISTER_PRINTF_FUNCTION
80 static int print_arginfo (const struct printf_info *info, size_t n, int *argtypes);
82 #error "HAVE_REGISTER_PRINTF_{SPECIFIER|FUNCTION} not defined"
92 /* http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms742213.aspx */
93 r = gl_sockets_startup (SOCKETS_2_2);
94 return r == 0 ? 0 : -1;
104 /* Location to mount root device. */
105 const char *sysroot = "/sysroot"; /* No trailing slash. */
108 /* If set (the default), do 'umount-all' when performing autosync. */
109 int autosync_umount = 1;
111 /* Not used explicitly, but required by the gnulib 'error' module. */
112 const char *program_name = "guestfsd";
118 "guestfsd [-r] [-v|--verbose]\n");
122 main (int argc, char *argv[])
124 static const char *options = "rv?";
125 static const struct option long_options[] = {
126 { "help", 0, 0, '?' },
127 { "verbose", 0, 0, 'v' },
133 ignore_value (chdir ("/"));
135 if (winsock_init () == -1)
136 error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, "winsock initialization failed");
138 #ifdef HAVE_REGISTER_PRINTF_SPECIFIER
139 /* http://udrepper.livejournal.com/20948.html */
140 register_printf_specifier ('Q', print_shell_quote, print_arginfo);
141 register_printf_specifier ('R', print_sysroot_shell_quote, print_arginfo);
143 #ifdef HAVE_REGISTER_PRINTF_FUNCTION
144 register_printf_function ('Q', print_shell_quote, print_arginfo);
145 register_printf_function ('R', print_sysroot_shell_quote, print_arginfo);
147 #error "HAVE_REGISTER_PRINTF_{SPECIFIER|FUNCTION} not defined"
152 if (stat ("/", &statbuf) == 0)
153 root_device = statbuf.st_dev;
156 c = getopt_long (argc, argv, options, long_options, NULL);
160 /* The -r flag is used when running standalone. It changes
161 * several aspects of the daemon.
178 fprintf (stderr, "guestfsd: unexpected command line option 0x%x\n", c);
188 cmdline = read_cmdline ();
190 /* Set the verbose flag. */
192 (cmdline && strstr (cmdline, "guestfs_verbose=1") != NULL);
194 printf ("verbose daemon enabled\n");
198 printf ("linux commmand line: %s\n", cmdline);
200 printf ("could not read linux command line\n");
204 /* Make sure SIGPIPE doesn't kill us. */
206 memset (&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
207 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
209 if (sigaction (SIGPIPE, &sa, NULL) == -1)
210 perror ("sigaction SIGPIPE"); /* but try to continue anyway ... */
214 # define setenv(n,v,f) _putenv(n "=" v)
216 /* Set up a basic environment. After we are called by /init the
217 * environment is essentially empty.
218 * https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=502074#c5
220 * NOTE: if you change $PATH, you must also change 'prog_exists'
223 setenv ("PATH", "/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin", 1);
224 setenv ("SHELL", "/bin/sh", 1);
225 setenv ("LC_ALL", "C", 1);
226 setenv ("TERM", "dumb", 1);
229 /* We document that umask defaults to 022 (it should be this anyway). */
232 /* This is the default for Windows anyway. It's not even clear if
233 * Windows ever uses this -- the MSDN documentation for the function
234 * contains obvious errors.
239 /* Connect to virtio-serial channel. */
240 int sock = open ("/dev/virtio-ports/org.libguestfs.channel.0",
245 "Failed to connect to virtio-serial channel.\n"
247 "This is a fatal error and the appliance will now exit.\n"
249 "Usually this error is caused by either QEMU or the appliance\n"
250 "kernel not supporting the vmchannel method that the\n"
251 "libguestfs library chose to use. Please run\n"
252 "'libguestfs-test-tool' and provide the complete, unedited\n"
253 "output to the libguestfs developers, either in a bug report\n"
254 "or on the libguestfs redhat com mailing list.\n"
256 perror ("/dev/virtio-ports/org.libguestfs.channel.0");
260 /* Send the magic length message which indicates that
261 * userspace is up inside the guest.
265 uint32_t len = GUESTFS_LAUNCH_FLAG;
266 xdrmem_create (&xdr, lenbuf, sizeof lenbuf, XDR_ENCODE);
267 xdr_u_int (&xdr, &len);
269 if (xwrite (sock, lenbuf, sizeof lenbuf) == -1) {
276 /* Enter the main loop, reading and performing actions. */
282 /* Read /proc/cmdline. */
286 int fd = open ("/proc/cmdline", O_RDONLY);
288 perror ("/proc/cmdline");
298 n = read (fd, buf, sizeof buf);
307 char *newr = realloc (r, len + n + 1); /* + 1 is for terminating NUL */
315 memcpy (&r[len], buf, n);
322 if (close (fd) == -1) {
331 /* Return true iff device is the root device (and therefore should be
332 * ignored from the point of view of user calls).
335 is_root_device (const char *device)
338 if (stat (device, &statbuf) == -1) {
342 if (statbuf.st_rdev == root_device)
347 /* Turn "/path" into "/sysroot/path".
349 * Caller must check for NULL and call reply_with_perror ("malloc")
350 * if it is. Caller must also free the string.
352 * See also the custom %R printf formatter which does shell quoting too.
355 sysroot_path (const char *path)
358 int len = strlen (path) + sysroot_len + 1;
364 snprintf (r, len, "%s%s", sysroot, path);
369 xwrite (int sock, const void *v_buf, size_t len)
372 const char *buf = v_buf;
375 r = write (sock, buf, len);
388 xread (int sock, void *v_buf, size_t len)
394 r = read (sock, buf, len);
400 fprintf (stderr, "read: unexpected end of file on fd %d\n", sock);
411 add_string (char ***argv, int *size, int *alloc, const char *str)
416 if (*size >= *alloc) {
418 new_argv = realloc (*argv, *alloc * sizeof (char *));
419 if (new_argv == NULL) {
420 reply_with_perror ("realloc");
421 free_strings (*argv);
428 new_str = strdup (str);
429 if (new_str == NULL) {
430 reply_with_perror ("strdup");
431 free_strings (*argv);
436 (*argv)[*size] = new_str;
443 count_strings (char *const *argv)
447 for (argc = 0; argv[argc] != NULL; ++argc)
452 /* http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#DetermineIfPowerOf2 */
454 is_power_of_2 (unsigned long v)
456 return v && ((v & (v - 1)) == 0);
460 compare (const void *vp1, const void *vp2)
462 char * const *p1 = (char * const *) vp1;
463 char * const *p2 = (char * const *) vp2;
464 return strcmp (*p1, *p2);
468 sort_strings (char **argv, int len)
470 qsort (argv, len, sizeof (char *), compare);
474 free_strings (char **argv)
478 for (argc = 0; argv[argc] != NULL; ++argc)
484 free_stringslen (char **argv, int len)
488 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
493 /* Easy ways to run external commands. For full documentation, see
494 * 'commandrvf' below.
497 commandf (char **stdoutput, char **stderror, int flags, const char *name, ...)
504 /* Collect the command line arguments into an array. */
506 argv = malloc (sizeof (char *) * i);
511 argv[0] = (char *) name;
514 va_start (args, name);
516 while ((s = va_arg (args, char *)) != NULL) {
517 const char **p = realloc (argv, sizeof (char *) * (++i));
531 r = commandvf (stdoutput, stderror, flags, (const char * const*) argv);
533 /* NB: Mustn't free the strings which are on the stack. */
539 /* Same as 'command', but we allow the status code from the
540 * subcommand to be non-zero, and return that status code.
541 * We still return -1 if there was some other error.
544 commandrf (char **stdoutput, char **stderror, int flags, const char *name, ...)
551 /* Collect the command line arguments into an array. */
553 argv = malloc (sizeof (char *) * i);
558 argv[0] = (char *) name;
561 va_start (args, name);
563 while ((s = va_arg (args, char *)) != NULL) {
564 const char **p = realloc (argv, sizeof (char *) * (++i));
578 r = commandrvf (stdoutput, stderror, flags, argv);
580 /* NB: Mustn't free the strings which are on the stack. */
586 /* Same as 'command', but passing an argv. */
588 commandvf (char **stdoutput, char **stderror, int flags,
589 char const *const *argv)
593 r = commandrvf (stdoutput, stderror, flags, (void *) argv);
600 /* This is a more sane version of 'system(3)' for running external
601 * commands. It uses fork/execvp, so we don't need to worry about
602 * quoting of parameters, and it allows us to capture any error
603 * messages in a buffer.
605 * If stdoutput is not NULL, then *stdoutput will return the stdout
608 * If stderror is not NULL, then *stderror will return the stderr
609 * of the command. If there is a final \n character, it is removed
610 * so you can use the error string directly in a call to
615 * COMMAND_FLAG_FOLD_STDOUT_ON_STDERR: For broken external commands
616 * that send error messages to stdout (hello, parted) but that don't
617 * have any useful stdout information, use this flag to capture the
618 * error messages in the *stderror buffer. If using this flag,
619 * you should pass stdoutput as NULL because nothing could ever be
620 * captured in that buffer.
622 * COMMAND_FLAG_CHROOT_COPY_FILE_TO_STDIN: For running external
623 * commands on chrooted files correctly (see RHBZ#579608) specifying
624 * this flag causes another process to be forked which chroots into
625 * sysroot and just copies the input file to stdin of the specified
626 * command. The file descriptor is ORed with the flags, and that file
627 * descriptor is always closed by this function. See hexdump.c for an
631 commandrvf (char **stdoutput, char **stderror, int flags,
632 char const* const *argv)
634 int so_size = 0, se_size = 0;
635 int so_fd[2], se_fd[2];
636 int flag_copy_stdin = flags & COMMAND_FLAG_CHROOT_COPY_FILE_TO_STDIN;
637 int stdin_fd[2] = { -1, -1 };
638 pid_t pid, stdin_pid = -1;
644 if (stdoutput) *stdoutput = NULL;
645 if (stderror) *stderror = NULL;
648 printf ("%s", argv[0]);
649 for (i = 1; argv[i] != NULL; ++i)
650 printf (" %s", argv[i]);
654 /* Note: abort is used in a few places along the error paths early
655 * in this function. This is because (a) cleaning up correctly is
656 * very complex at these places and (b) abort is used when a
657 * resource problems is indicated which would be due to much more
658 * serious issues - eg. memory or file descriptor leaks. We
659 * wouldn't expect fork(2) or pipe(2) to fail in normal
663 if (pipe (so_fd) == -1 || pipe (se_fd) == -1) {
664 error (0, errno, "pipe");
668 if (flag_copy_stdin) {
669 if (pipe (stdin_fd) == -1) {
670 error (0, errno, "pipe");
677 error (0, errno, "fork");
681 if (pid == 0) { /* Child process running the command. */
682 signal (SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
683 signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
685 if (flag_copy_stdin) {
686 dup2 (stdin_fd[0], 0);
690 /* Set stdin to /dev/null (ignore failure) */
691 open ("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
695 if (!(flags & COMMAND_FLAG_FOLD_STDOUT_ON_STDERR))
703 execvp (argv[0], (void *) argv);
705 _exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
708 if (flag_copy_stdin) {
709 int fd = flags & COMMAND_FLAG_FD_MASK;
712 if (stdin_pid == -1) {
713 error (0, errno, "fork");
717 if (stdin_pid == 0) { /* Child process copying stdin. */
724 dup2 (stdin_fd[1], 1);
728 if (chroot (sysroot) == -1) {
730 _exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
735 while ((n = read (fd, buffer, sizeof buffer)) > 0) {
736 if (xwrite (1, buffer, n) == -1)
737 /* EPIPE error indicates the command process has exited
738 * early. If the command process fails that will be caught
739 * by the daemon, and if not, then it's not an error.
741 _exit (errno == EPIPE ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
746 _exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
749 if (close (fd) == -1) {
751 _exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
754 _exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
762 /* Parent process. */
767 FD_SET (so_fd[0], &rset);
768 FD_SET (se_fd[0], &rset);
774 r = select (MAX (so_fd[0], se_fd[0]) + 1, &rset2, NULL, NULL, NULL);
781 if (stdoutput) free (*stdoutput);
782 if (stderror) free (*stderror);
785 waitpid (pid, NULL, 0);
786 if (stdin_pid >= 0) waitpid (stdin_pid, NULL, 0);
790 if (FD_ISSET (so_fd[0], &rset2)) { /* something on stdout */
791 r = read (so_fd[0], buf, sizeof buf);
796 if (r == 0) { FD_CLR (so_fd[0], &rset); quit++; }
798 if (r > 0 && stdoutput) {
800 p = realloc (*stdoutput, so_size);
806 memcpy (*stdoutput + so_size - r, buf, r);
810 if (FD_ISSET (se_fd[0], &rset2)) { /* something on stderr */
811 r = read (se_fd[0], buf, sizeof buf);
816 if (r == 0) { FD_CLR (se_fd[0], &rset); quit++; }
820 ignore_value (write (2, buf, r));
824 p = realloc (*stderror, se_size);
830 memcpy (*stderror + se_size - r, buf, r);
839 /* Make sure the output buffers are \0-terminated. Also remove any
840 * trailing \n characters from the error buffer (not from stdout).
843 void *q = realloc (*stdoutput, so_size+1);
850 (*stdoutput)[so_size] = '\0';
853 void *q = realloc (*stderror, se_size+1);
860 (*stderror)[se_size] = '\0';
862 while (se_size >= 0 && (*stderror)[se_size] == '\n')
863 (*stderror)[se_size--] = '\0';
867 if (flag_copy_stdin) {
868 /* Check copy process didn't fail. */
869 if (waitpid (stdin_pid, &r, 0) != stdin_pid) {
872 waitpid (pid, NULL, 0);
876 if (!WIFEXITED (r) || WEXITSTATUS (r) != 0) {
877 fprintf (stderr, "failed copying from input file, see earlier messages\n");
879 waitpid (pid, NULL, 0);
884 /* Get the exit status of the command. */
885 if (waitpid (pid, &r, 0) != pid) {
891 return WEXITSTATUS (r);
896 /* Split an output string into a NULL-terminated list of lines.
897 * Typically this is used where we have run an external command
898 * which has printed out a list of things, and we want to return
901 * The corner cases here are quite tricky. Note in particular:
905 * "a\nb" -> ["a"; "b"]
906 * "a\nb\n" -> ["a"; "b"]
907 * "a\nb\n\n" -> ["a"; "b"; ""]
909 * The original string is written over and destroyed by this
910 * function (which is usually OK because it's the 'out' string
911 * from command()). You can free the original string, because
912 * add_string() strdups the strings.
915 split_lines (char *str)
918 int size = 0, alloc = 0;
926 /* Empty last line? */
930 pend = strchr (p, '\n');
936 if (add_string (&lines, &size, &alloc, p) == -1) {
944 if (add_string (&lines, &size, &alloc, NULL) == -1)
950 /* Skip leading and trailing whitespace, updating the original string
956 size_t len = strlen (str);
958 while (len > 0 && c_isspace (str[len-1])) {
964 while (*p && c_isspace (*p)) {
969 memmove (str, p, len+1);
972 /* printf helper function so we can use %Q ("quoted") and %R to print
973 * shell-quoted strings. See guestfs(3)/EXTENDING LIBGUESTFS for more
977 print_shell_quote (FILE *stream,
978 const struct printf_info *info ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
979 const void *const *args)
981 #define SAFE(c) (c_isalnum((c)) || \
982 (c) == '/' || (c) == '-' || (c) == '_' || (c) == '.')
984 const char *str = *((const char **) (args[0]));
986 for (i = len = 0; str[i]; ++i) {
991 putc (str[i], stream);
999 print_sysroot_shell_quote (FILE *stream,
1000 const struct printf_info *info,
1001 const void *const *args)
1003 fputs (sysroot, stream);
1004 return sysroot_len + print_shell_quote (stream, info, args);
1007 #ifdef HAVE_REGISTER_PRINTF_SPECIFIER
1009 print_arginfo (const struct printf_info *info ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
1010 size_t n, int *argtypes, int *size)
1013 argtypes[0] = PA_STRING;
1014 size[0] = sizeof (const char *);
1019 #ifdef HAVE_REGISTER_PRINTF_FUNCTION
1021 print_arginfo (const struct printf_info *info, size_t n, int *argtypes)
1024 argtypes[0] = PA_STRING;
1028 #error "HAVE_REGISTER_PRINTF_{SPECIFIER|FUNCTION} not defined"
1032 /* Perform device name translation. Don't call this directly -
1033 * use the RESOLVE_DEVICE macro.
1035 * See guestfs(3) for the algorithm.
1037 * We have to open the device and test for ENXIO, because
1038 * the device nodes themselves will exist in the appliance.
1041 device_name_translation (char *device)
1045 fd = open (device, O_RDONLY);
1052 if (errno != ENXIO && errno != ENOENT)
1055 /* If the name begins with "/dev/sd" then try the alternatives. */
1056 if (STRNEQLEN (device, "/dev/sd", 7))
1059 device[5] = 'h'; /* /dev/hd (old IDE driver) */
1060 fd = open (device, O_RDONLY);
1064 device[5] = 'v'; /* /dev/vd (for virtio devices) */
1065 fd = open (device, O_RDONLY);
1069 device[5] = 's'; /* Restore original device name. */
1073 /* Check program exists and is executable on $PATH. Actually, we
1074 * just assume PATH contains the default entries (see main() above).
1077 prog_exists (const char *prog)
1079 static const char * const dirs[] =
1080 { "/sbin", "/usr/sbin", "/bin", "/usr/bin" };
1084 for (i = 0; i < sizeof dirs / sizeof dirs[0]; ++i) {
1085 snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "%s/%s", dirs[i], prog);
1086 if (access (buf, X_OK) == 0)
1092 /* LVM and other commands aren't synchronous, especially when udev is
1093 * involved. eg. You can create or remove some device, but the /dev
1094 * device node won't appear until some time later. This means that
1095 * you get an error if you run one command followed by another.
1097 * Use 'udevadm settle' after certain commands, but don't be too
1098 * fussed if it fails.
1100 * 'udevsettle' was the old name for this command (RHEL 5). This was
1101 * deprecated in favour of 'udevadm settle'. The old 'udevsettle'
1102 * command was left as a symlink. Then in Fedora 13 the old symlink
1103 * remained but it stopped working (RHBZ#548121), so we have to be
1104 * careful not to assume that we can use 'udevsettle' if it exists.
1109 (void) command (NULL, NULL, "udevadm", "settle", NULL);
1110 (void) command (NULL, NULL, "udevsettle", NULL);