1 Libguestfs is a library for accessing and modifying guest disk images.
2 Amongst the things this is good for: making batch configuration
3 changes to guests, getting disk used/free statistics (see also:
4 virt-df), migrating between virtualization systems (see also:
5 virt-p2v), performing partial backups, performing partial guest
6 clones, cloning guests and changing registry/UUID/hostname info, and
9 Libguestfs uses Linux kernel and qemu code, and can access any type of
10 guest filesystem that Linux and qemu can, including but not limited
11 to: ext2/3/4, btrfs, FAT and NTFS, LVM, many different disk partition
12 schemes, qcow, qcow2, vmdk.
14 Libguestfs provides ways to enumerate guest storage (eg. partitions,
15 LVs, what filesystem is in each LV, etc.). It can also run commands
16 in the context of the guest. Also you can access filesystems over FTP.
18 Libguestfs is a library that can be linked with C and C++ management
19 programs (or management programs written in OCaml, Perl, Python, Ruby, Java
20 or Haskell). You can also use it from shell scripts or the command line.
22 Libguestfs was written by Richard W.M. Jones (rjones@redhat.com) and
23 hacked on by lots of other people. For discussion, development,
24 patches, etc. please use the mailing list:
26 http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libguestfs
30 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
32 http://libguestfs.org/
36 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
38 - recent QEMU >= 0.10 with vmchannel support
39 http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2009-02/msg01042.html
47 - XDR, rpcgen (on Linux these are provided by glibc)
49 - squashfs-tools (mksquashfs only)
51 - (Optional) Augeas (http://augeas.net/)
53 - perldoc (pod2man, pod2text) to generate the manual pages and
56 - (Optional) Readline to have nicer command-line editing in guestfish.
58 - (Optional) 'reged' program from chntpw to decode Windows registry
59 entries (http://home.eunet.no/~pnordahl/ntpasswd/)
61 - (Optional) OCaml if you want to rebuild the generated files, and
62 also to build the OCaml bindings
64 - (Optional) local Fedora mirror
66 - (Optional) Perl if you want to build the perl bindings
68 - (Optional) Python if you want to build the python bindings
70 - (Optional) Ruby, rake if you want to build the ruby bindings
72 - (Optional) Java, JNI, jpackage-utils if you want to build the java
75 - (Optional) GHC if you want to build the Haskell bindings
77 - (Optional) Perl XML::XPath, Sys::Virt modules (for libvirt support
80 - (Optional, but highly recommended) perl-libintl for translating perl code.
82 Running ./configure will check you have all the requirements installed
87 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
89 Then make the daemon, library and root filesystem:
91 ./configure [--with-mirror=URI]
94 Use the optional --with-mirror parameter to specify the URI of a local
95 Fedora mirror. See the discussion of the MIRROR parameter in the
96 febootstrap(8) manpage.
98 Finally run the tests:
102 If everything works, you can install the library and tools by running
103 this command as root:
109 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
111 We provide packages for Fedora >= 11 in Fedora. Use those, or build
112 from our source RPMs - it's far simpler that way.
114 You can compile libguestfs on Fedora 10 but you cannot use it with the
115 version of qemu in Fedora 10. You need to compile your own qemu, see
116 section 'qemu' below.
119 RHEL / EPEL / CentOS etc
120 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
122 We provide packages in EPEL which cover RHEL/CentOS >= 5. Use those
123 or build from our source RPMs.
127 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
129 libguestfs is now built as a package in Debian by Guido Gunther and
130 the other Debian libvirt maintainers. See:
132 http://wiki.debian.org/Teams/DebianLibvirtTeam#Packages
134 You can build for Debian in two different ways, either building a
135 Fedora-based appliance using febootstrap, yum, rpm, fakeroot,
136 fakechroot (all packaged in Debian). However the recommended way is
137 to build a Debian-based appliance using debootstrap and debirf.
139 Both ways are supported by the configure script.
143 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
145 By far the most common problem is with broken or incompatible
148 First of all, you need qemu >= 0.10.4, which contains a vmchannel
149 implementation. There are several, conflicting, incompatible things
150 called 'vmchannel' which at one time or another have been added or
151 proposed for qemu/KVM. The _only_ one we support is this one:
153 http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2009-02/msg01042.html
155 Secondly, different versions of qemu have problems booting the
156 appliance for different reasons. This varies between versions of
157 qemu, and Linux distributions which add their own patches.
159 If you find a problem, you could try using your own qemu built from
160 source (qemu is very easy to build from source), with a 'qemu
161 wrapper'. Qemu wrappers are described in the guestfs(3) manpage.
165 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
167 By default the configure script will look for qemu-kvm (KVM support).
168 You will need a reasonably recent processor for this to work. KVM is
169 much faster than using plain Qemu.
171 You may also need to enable KVM support for non-root users, by following
174 http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#How_can_I_use_kvm_with_a_non-privileged_user.3F
176 On some systems, this will work too:
180 On some systems, the chmod will not survive a reboot, and you will
181 need to make edits to the udev configuration.
185 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
187 If you configure with --enable-supermin then we will build a supermin
188 appliance (supermin = super-minimized). This is a very specialized
189 appliance which is built on-the-fly at runtime (specifically, when you
190 call guestfs_launch).
192 The normal appliance is a self-contained Linux operating system, based
193 on the Fedora/RHEL/CentOS Linux distro. So it contains a complete
194 copy of all the libraries and programs needed, like kernel, libc,
195 bash, coreutils etc etc.
197 The supermin appliance removes the kernel and all the executable
198 libraries and programs from the appliance. That just leaves a
199 skeleton of config files and some data files, which is obviously
200 massively smaller than the normal appliance. At runtime we rebuild
201 the appliance on-the-fly from the libraries and programs on the host
202 (eg. pulling in the real /lib/libc.so, the real /bin/bash etc.)
204 Although this process of rebuilding the appliance each time sounds
205 slow, it turns out to be faster than using the prebuilt appliance.
206 (Most of the saving comes from not compressing the appliance - it
207 transpires that decompressing the appliance is the slowest part of the
208 whole boot sequence). On my machine, a new appliance can be built in
209 under a fifth of a second, and the boot time is several seconds
212 The big advantage of the supermin appliance for distributions like
213 Fedora is that it gets security fixes automatically from the host, so
214 there is no need to rebuild the whole of libguestfs for a security
215 update in some underlying library.
217 There are several DISADVANTAGES:
219 It won't work at all except in very narrow, controlled cases like the
220 Fedora packaging case. We control the dependencies of the libguestfs
221 RPM tightly to ensure that the required binaries are actually present
224 Furthermore there are certain unlikely changes in the packages on the
225 host which could break a supermin appliance, eg. an updated library
226 which depends on an additional data file.
228 Also supermin appliances are subjected to changes in the host kernel
229 which might break compatibility with qemu -- these are, of course,
230 real bugs in any case.
232 Lastly, supermin appliances really can't be moved between branches of
233 distributions (eg. built on Fedora 12 and moved to Fedora 10) because
234 they are not self-contained and they rely on certain libraries being
235 around. You shouldn't do this anyway.
237 Use supermin appliances with caution.
240 Notes on cross-architecture support
241 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
243 At the moment we basically don't support cross-architecture or
244 32-on-64. This limits what is possible for some guests. Filesystem
245 operations and FTP export will work fine, but running commands in
246 guests may not be possible.
248 To enable this requires work for cross-architecture and 32-on-64
249 support in febootstrap, fakeroot and fakechroot.
251 The daemon/ directory contains its own configure script. This is so
252 that in future we will be able to cross-compile the daemon.
256 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
258 On my machines I can usually rebuild the appliance in around 3
259 minutes. If it takes much longer for you, use a local Fedora mirror
262 To use squid to cache yum downloads, read this first:
263 https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/pipermail/yum/2006-August/009041.html
264 (In brief, because yum chooses random mirrors each time, squid doesn't
265 work very well with default yum configuration. To get around this,
266 choose a Fedora mirror which is close to you, set this with
267 './configure --with-mirror=[...]', and then proxy the whole lot
268 through squid by setting http_proxy environment variable).
270 You will also need to substantially increase the squid configuration
272 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Using_Mock_to_test_package_builds#Using_Squid_to_Speed_Up_Mock_package_downloads
275 Porting to other Linux distros / non-Linux
276 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
278 libguestfs itself should be fairly portable to other Linux
279 distributions. Non-Linux ports are trickier, but we will accept
280 patches if they aren't too invasive.
282 The main porting issues are with the dependencies needed to build the
283 appliance. You will need to find or port the following packages
289 - rpm-python http://www.rpm.org/
290 - yum http://yum.baseurl.org/
291 - febootstrap http://et.redhat.com/~rjones/febootstrap/
294 Copyright and license information
295 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
297 Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc.
299 The library is distributed under the LGPLv2+. The programs are
300 distributed under the GPLv2+. Please see the files COPYING and
301 COPYING.LIB for full license information.