1 Libguestfs is a library for accessing and modifying guest disk images.
2 Amongst the things this is good for: making batch configuration
3 changes to guests, getting disk used/free statistics (see also:
4 virt-df), migrating between virtualization systems (see also:
5 virt-p2v), performing partial backups, performing partial guest
6 clones, cloning guests and changing registry/UUID/hostname info, and
9 Libguestfs uses Linux kernel and qemu code, and can access any type of
10 guest filesystem that Linux and qemu can, including but not limited
11 to: ext2/3/4, btrfs, FAT and NTFS, LVM, many different disk partition
12 schemes, qcow, qcow2, vmdk.
14 Libguestfs provides ways to enumerate guest storage (eg. partitions,
15 LVs, what filesystem is in each LV, etc.). It can also run commands
16 in the context of the guest. Also you can access filesystems over FTP.
18 Libguestfs is a library that can be linked with C and C++ management
19 programs (or management programs written in OCaml, Perl, Python, Ruby,
20 Java, Haskell or C#). You can also use it from shell scripts or the
23 Libguestfs was written by Richard W.M. Jones (rjones@redhat.com) and
24 hacked on by lots of other people. For discussion, development,
25 patches, etc. please use the mailing list:
27 http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libguestfs
31 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
33 http://libguestfs.org/
37 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
39 - recent QEMU >= 0.10 with vmchannel support
40 http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2009-02/msg01042.html
48 - XDR, rpcgen (on Linux these are provided by glibc)
50 - squashfs-tools (mksquashfs only)
52 - genisoimage / mkisofs
56 - (Optional) FUSE to build the FUSE module
58 - (Optional) Augeas (http://augeas.net/)
60 - perldoc (pod2man, pod2text) to generate the manual pages and
63 - (Optional) Readline to have nicer command-line editing in guestfish.
65 - (Optional) 'reged' program from chntpw to decode Windows registry
66 entries (http://home.eunet.no/~pnordahl/ntpasswd/)
68 - (Optional) xmllint to validate virt-inspector RELAX NG schema
70 - (Optional) OCaml + OCaml library xml-light if you want to rebuild
71 the generated files, and also to build the OCaml bindings
72 (http://tech.motion-twin.com/xmllight.html)
74 - (Optional) local Fedora mirror
76 - (Optional) Perl if you want to build the perl bindings
78 - (Optional) Python if you want to build the python bindings
80 - (Optional) Ruby, rake if you want to build the ruby bindings
82 - (Optional) Java, JNI, jpackage-utils if you want to build the java
85 - (Optional) GHC if you want to build the Haskell bindings
87 - (Optional) Perl XML::XPath, Sys::Virt modules (for libvirt support
90 - (Optional, but highly recommended) perl-libintl for translating perl code.
92 Running ./configure will check you have all the requirements installed
97 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
99 Then make the daemon, library and root filesystem:
101 ./configure [--with-mirror=URI]
104 Use the optional --with-mirror parameter to specify the URI of a local
105 Fedora mirror. See the discussion of the MIRROR parameter in the
106 febootstrap(8) manpage.
108 Finally run the tests:
112 If everything works, you can install the library and tools by running
113 this command as root:
119 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
121 We provide packages for Fedora >= 11 in Fedora. Use those, or build
122 from our source RPMs - it's far simpler that way.
124 You can compile libguestfs on Fedora 10 but you cannot use it with the
125 version of qemu in Fedora 10. You need to compile your own qemu, see
126 section 'qemu' below.
129 RHEL / EPEL / CentOS etc
130 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
132 We provide packages in EPEL which cover RHEL/CentOS >= 5. Use those
133 or build from our source RPMs.
137 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
139 libguestfs is now built as a package in Debian by Guido Gunther and
140 the other Debian libvirt maintainers. See:
142 http://wiki.debian.org/Teams/DebianLibvirtTeam#Packages
144 You can build for Debian in two different ways, either building a
145 Fedora-based appliance using febootstrap, yum, rpm, fakeroot,
146 fakechroot (all packaged in Debian). However the recommended way is
147 to build a Debian-based appliance using debootstrap and debirf.
149 Both ways are supported by the configure script.
153 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
155 By far the most common problem is with broken or incompatible
158 Different versions of qemu have problems booting the appliance for
159 different reasons. This varies between versions of qemu, and Linux
160 distributions which add their own patches.
162 If you find a problem, you could try using your own qemu built from
163 source (qemu is very easy to build from source), with a 'qemu
164 wrapper'. Qemu wrappers are described in the guestfs(3) manpage.
168 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
170 By default the configure script will look for qemu-kvm (KVM support).
171 You will need a reasonably recent processor for this to work. KVM is
172 much faster than using plain Qemu.
174 You may also need to enable KVM support for non-root users, by following
177 http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#How_can_I_use_kvm_with_a_non-privileged_user.3F
179 On some systems, this will work too:
183 On some systems, the chmod will not survive a reboot, and you will
184 need to make edits to the udev configuration.
188 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
190 Previous versions of libguestfs required something called "vmchannel".
191 Vmchannel is a special device given to virtual machines which allows
192 them to communicate in some way with the host, often (but not always)
193 without using a traditional network device. In reality, there is no
194 one thing called "vmchannel". This idea has been reimplemented
195 several times under the name vmchannel, and other hypervisors have
196 their own incompatible implementation(s) too.
198 In libguestfs <= 1.0.71, we required a specific vmchannel which is
199 properly known as "guestfwd" and has been upstream in qemu since here:
201 http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2009-02/msg01042.html
203 In libguestfs >= 1.0.71 we don't require any vmchannel implementation,
204 as long as qemu has been compiled with support for SLIRP (user mode
205 networking, or "-net user"), which is almost always the case.
207 However we still offer the ability to use vmchannel, and in future we
208 may add support for other types of qemu, which is useful in a few
209 cases, specifically where qemu packagers decide to compile out support
210 for SLIRP (qemu packagers: please don't do this).
214 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
216 If you configure with --enable-supermin then we will build a supermin
217 appliance (supermin = super-minimized). This is a very specialized
218 appliance which is built on-the-fly at runtime (specifically, when you
219 call guestfs_launch).
221 The normal appliance is a self-contained Linux operating system, based
222 on the Fedora/RHEL/CentOS Linux distro. So it contains a complete
223 copy of all the libraries and programs needed, like kernel, libc,
224 bash, coreutils etc etc.
226 The supermin appliance removes the kernel and all the executable
227 libraries and programs from the appliance. That just leaves a
228 skeleton of config files and some data files, which is obviously
229 massively smaller than the normal appliance. At runtime we rebuild
230 the appliance on-the-fly from the libraries and programs on the host
231 (eg. pulling in the real /lib/libc.so, the real /bin/bash etc.)
233 Although this process of rebuilding the appliance each time sounds
234 slow, it turns out to be faster than using the prebuilt appliance.
235 (Most of the saving comes from not compressing the appliance - it
236 transpires that decompressing the appliance is the slowest part of the
237 whole boot sequence). On my machine, a new appliance can be built in
238 under a fifth of a second, and the boot time is several seconds
241 The big advantage of the supermin appliance for distributions like
242 Fedora is that it gets security fixes automatically from the host, so
243 there is no need to rebuild the whole of libguestfs for a security
244 update in some underlying library.
246 There are several DISADVANTAGES:
248 It won't work at all except in very narrow, controlled cases like the
249 Fedora packaging case. We control the dependencies of the libguestfs
250 RPM tightly to ensure that the required binaries are actually present
253 Furthermore there are certain unlikely changes in the packages on the
254 host which could break a supermin appliance, eg. an updated library
255 which depends on an additional data file.
257 Also supermin appliances are subjected to changes in the host kernel
258 which might break compatibility with qemu -- these are, of course,
259 real bugs in any case.
261 Lastly, supermin appliances really can't be moved between branches of
262 distributions (eg. built on Fedora 12 and moved to Fedora 10) because
263 they are not self-contained and they rely on certain libraries being
264 around. You shouldn't do this anyway.
266 Use supermin appliances with caution.
269 Notes on cross-architecture support
270 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
272 At the moment we basically don't support cross-architecture or
273 32-on-64. This limits what is possible for some guests. Filesystem
274 operations and FTP export will work fine, but running commands in
275 guests may not be possible.
277 To enable this requires work for cross-architecture and 32-on-64
278 support in febootstrap, fakeroot and fakechroot.
280 The daemon/ directory contains its own configure script. This is so
281 that in future we will be able to cross-compile the daemon.
285 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
287 On my machines I can usually rebuild the appliance in around 3
288 minutes. If it takes much longer for you, use a local Fedora mirror
291 To use squid to cache yum downloads, read this first:
292 https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/pipermail/yum/2006-August/009041.html
293 (In brief, because yum chooses random mirrors each time, squid doesn't
294 work very well with default yum configuration. To get around this,
295 choose a Fedora mirror which is close to you, set this with
296 './configure --with-mirror=[...]', and then proxy the whole lot
297 through squid by setting http_proxy environment variable).
299 You will also need to substantially increase the squid configuration
301 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Using_Mock_to_test_package_builds#Using_Squid_to_Speed_Up_Mock_package_downloads
304 Porting to other Linux distros / non-Linux
305 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
307 libguestfs itself should be fairly portable to other Linux
308 distributions. Non-Linux ports are trickier, but we will accept
309 patches if they aren't too invasive.
311 The main porting issues are with the dependencies needed to build the
312 appliance. You will need to find or port the following packages
318 - rpm-python http://www.rpm.org/
319 - yum http://yum.baseurl.org/
320 - febootstrap http://et.redhat.com/~rjones/febootstrap/
323 Copyright and license information
324 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
326 Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc.
328 The library is distributed under the LGPLv2+. The programs are
329 distributed under the GPLv2+. Please see the files COPYING and
330 COPYING.LIB for full license information.