X-Git-Url: http://git.annexia.org/?p=libguestfs.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fguestfs.c;h=72cd2f36693f7d4b2cf8b06b944f44942bec71fa;hp=c5056d441dd9d89662be76848360b82f88010361;hb=7c3a90f94cd6b8fec9cdd1c052b91a14c0ee0e0e;hpb=afa6f05e2e0d784250ab6408ff13152920d74495 diff --git a/src/guestfs.c b/src/guestfs.c index c5056d4..72cd2f3 100644 --- a/src/guestfs.c +++ b/src/guestfs.c @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ /* libguestfs - * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc. + * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc. * * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include @@ -161,6 +163,8 @@ struct guestfs_h char *tmpdir; /* Temporary directory containing socket. */ + char *qemu_help, *qemu_version; /* Output of qemu -help, qemu -version. */ + char **cmdline; /* Qemu command line. */ int cmdline_size; @@ -171,6 +175,8 @@ struct guestfs_h char *qemu; /* Qemu binary. */ char *append; /* Append to kernel command line. */ + int memsize; /* Size of RAM (megabytes). */ + char *last_error; /* Callbacks. */ @@ -243,6 +249,22 @@ guestfs_create (void) if (!g->append) goto error; } + /* Choose a suitable memory size. Previously we tried to choose + * a minimal memory size, but this isn't really necessary since + * recent QEMU and KVM don't do anything nasty like locking + * memory into core any more. Thus we can safely choose a + * large, generous amount of memory, and it'll just get swapped + * on smaller systems. + */ + str = getenv ("LIBGUESTFS_MEMSIZE"); + if (str) { + if (sscanf (str, "%d", &g->memsize) != 1 || g->memsize <= 256) { + fprintf (stderr, "libguestfs: non-numeric or too small value for LIBGUESTFS_MEMSIZE\n"); + goto error; + } + } else + g->memsize = 500; + g->main_loop = guestfs_get_default_main_loop (); /* Start with large serial numbers so they are easy to spot @@ -305,10 +327,35 @@ guestfs_close (guestfs_h *g) if (g->state != CONFIG) guestfs_kill_subprocess (g); + /* Close any sockets and deregister any handlers. */ + if (g->stdout_watch >= 0) + g->main_loop->remove_handle (g->main_loop, g, g->stdout_watch); + if (g->sock_watch >= 0) + g->main_loop->remove_handle (g->main_loop, g, g->sock_watch); + g->stdout_watch = -1; + g->sock_watch = -1; + + if (g->fd[0] >= 0) + close (g->fd[0]); + if (g->fd[1] >= 0) + close (g->fd[1]); + if (g->sock >= 0) + close (g->sock); + g->fd[0] = -1; + g->fd[1] = -1; + g->sock = -1; + + /* Remove tmpfiles. */ if (g->tmpdir) { snprintf (filename, sizeof filename, "%s/sock", g->tmpdir); unlink (filename); + snprintf (filename, sizeof filename, "%s/initrd", g->tmpdir); + unlink (filename); + + snprintf (filename, sizeof filename, "%s/kernel", g->tmpdir); + unlink (filename); + rmdir (g->tmpdir); free (g->tmpdir); @@ -339,6 +386,8 @@ guestfs_close (guestfs_h *g) free (g->path); free (g->qemu); free (g->append); + free (g->qemu_help); + free (g->qemu_version); free (g); } @@ -375,9 +424,11 @@ guestfs_error (guestfs_h *g, const char *fs, ...) char *msg; va_start (args, fs); - vasprintf (&msg, fs, args); + int err = vasprintf (&msg, fs, args); va_end (args); + if (err < 0) return; + if (g->error_cb) g->error_cb (g, g->error_cb_data, msg); set_last_error (g, msg); @@ -422,6 +473,42 @@ guestfs_safe_malloc (guestfs_h *g, size_t nbytes) return ptr; } +/* Return 1 if an array of N objects, each of size S, cannot exist due + to size arithmetic overflow. S must be positive and N must be + nonnegative. This is a macro, not an inline function, so that it + works correctly even when SIZE_MAX < N. + + By gnulib convention, SIZE_MAX represents overflow in size + calculations, so the conservative dividend to use here is + SIZE_MAX - 1, since SIZE_MAX might represent an overflowed value. + However, malloc (SIZE_MAX) fails on all known hosts where + sizeof (ptrdiff_t) <= sizeof (size_t), so do not bother to test for + exactly-SIZE_MAX allocations on such hosts; this avoids a test and + branch when S is known to be 1. */ +# define xalloc_oversized(n, s) \ + ((size_t) (sizeof (ptrdiff_t) <= sizeof (size_t) ? -1 : -2) / (s) < (n)) + +/* Technically we should add an autoconf test for this, testing for the desired + functionality, like what's done in gnulib, but for now, this is fine. */ +#define HAVE_GNU_CALLOC (__GLIBC__ >= 2) + +/* Allocate zeroed memory for N elements of S bytes, with error + checking. S must be nonzero. */ +void * +guestfs_safe_calloc (guestfs_h *g, size_t n, size_t s) +{ + /* From gnulib's calloc function in xmalloc.c. */ + void *p; + /* Test for overflow, since some calloc implementations don't have + proper overflow checks. But omit overflow and size-zero tests if + HAVE_GNU_CALLOC, since GNU calloc catches overflow and never + returns NULL if successful. */ + if ((! HAVE_GNU_CALLOC && xalloc_oversized (n, s)) + || (! (p = calloc (n, s)) && (HAVE_GNU_CALLOC || n != 0))) + g->abort_cb (); + return p; +} + void * guestfs_safe_realloc (guestfs_h *g, void *ptr, int nbytes) { @@ -586,6 +673,43 @@ guestfs_get_append (guestfs_h *g) return g->append; } +int +guestfs_set_memsize (guestfs_h *g, int memsize) +{ + g->memsize = memsize; + return 0; +} + +int +guestfs_get_memsize (guestfs_h *g) +{ + return g->memsize; +} + +int +guestfs_get_pid (guestfs_h *g) +{ + if (g->pid > 0) + return g->pid; + else { + error (g, "get_pid: no qemu subprocess"); + return -1; + } +} + +struct guestfs_version * +guestfs_version (guestfs_h *g) +{ + struct guestfs_version *r; + + r = safe_malloc (g, sizeof *r); + r->major = PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR; + r->minor = PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR; + r->release = PACKAGE_VERSION_RELEASE; + r->extra = safe_strdup (g, PACKAGE_VERSION_EXTRA); + return r; +} + /* Add a string to the current command line. */ static void incr_cmdline_size (guestfs_h *g) @@ -631,7 +755,6 @@ guestfs_config (guestfs_h *g, strcmp (qemu_param, "-initrd") == 0 || strcmp (qemu_param, "-nographic") == 0 || strcmp (qemu_param, "-serial") == 0 || - strcmp (qemu_param, "-vnc") == 0 || strcmp (qemu_param, "-full-screen") == 0 || strcmp (qemu_param, "-std-vga") == 0 || strcmp (qemu_param, "-vnc") == 0) { @@ -664,7 +787,29 @@ guestfs_add_drive (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename) return -1; } - snprintf (buf, len, "file=%s", filename); + /* cache=off improves reliability in the event of a host crash. */ + snprintf (buf, len, "file=%s,cache=off,if=%s", filename, DRIVE_IF); + + return guestfs_config (g, "-drive", buf); +} + +int +guestfs_add_drive_ro (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename) +{ + size_t len = strlen (filename) + 64; + char buf[len]; + + if (strchr (filename, ',') != NULL) { + error (g, _("filename cannot contain ',' (comma) character")); + return -1; + } + + if (access (filename, F_OK) == -1) { + perrorf (g, "%s", filename); + return -1; + } + + snprintf (buf, len, "file=%s,snapshot=on,if=%s", filename, DRIVE_IF); return guestfs_config (g, "-drive", buf); } @@ -685,21 +830,71 @@ guestfs_add_cdrom (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename) return guestfs_config (g, "-cdrom", filename); } +/* Returns true iff file is contained in dir. */ +static int +dir_contains_file (const char *dir, const char *file) +{ + int dirlen = strlen (dir); + int filelen = strlen (file); + int len = dirlen+filelen+2; + char path[len]; + + snprintf (path, len, "%s/%s", dir, file); + return access (path, F_OK) == 0; +} + +/* Returns true iff every listed file is contained in 'dir'. */ +static int +dir_contains_files (const char *dir, ...) +{ + va_list args; + const char *file; + + va_start (args, dir); + while ((file = va_arg (args, const char *)) != NULL) { + if (!dir_contains_file (dir, file)) { + va_end (args); + return 0; + } + } + va_end (args); + return 1; +} + +static int build_supermin_appliance (guestfs_h *g, const char *path, char **kernel, char **initrd); +static int test_qemu (guestfs_h *g); +static int qemu_supports (guestfs_h *g, const char *option); + +static const char *kernel_name = "vmlinuz." REPO "." host_cpu; +static const char *initrd_name = "initramfs." REPO "." host_cpu ".img"; +static const char *supermin_name = + "initramfs." REPO "." host_cpu ".supermin.img"; +static const char *supermin_hostfiles_name = + "initramfs." REPO "." host_cpu ".supermin.hostfiles"; + int guestfs_launch (guestfs_h *g) { - static const char *dir_template = "/tmp/libguestfsXXXXXX"; - int r, i, pmore, memsize; + const char *tmpdir; + char dir_template[PATH_MAX]; + int r, i, pmore; size_t len; int wfd[2], rfd[2]; int tries; - const char *kernel_name = "vmlinuz." REPO "." host_cpu; - const char *initrd_name = "initramfs." REPO "." host_cpu ".img"; char *path, *pelem, *pend; char *kernel = NULL, *initrd = NULL; char unixsock[256]; struct sockaddr_un addr; +#ifdef P_tmpdir + tmpdir = P_tmpdir; +#else + tmpdir = "/tmp"; +#endif + + tmpdir = getenv ("TMPDIR") ? : tmpdir; + snprintf (dir_template, sizeof dir_template, "%s/libguestfsXXXXXX", tmpdir); + /* Configured? */ if (!g->cmdline) { error (g, _("you must call guestfs_add_drive before guestfs_launch")); @@ -711,7 +906,20 @@ guestfs_launch (guestfs_h *g) return -1; } - /* Search g->path for the kernel and initrd. */ + /* Make the temporary directory. */ + if (!g->tmpdir) { + g->tmpdir = safe_strdup (g, dir_template); + if (mkdtemp (g->tmpdir) == NULL) { + perrorf (g, _("%s: cannot create temporary directory"), dir_template); + goto cleanup0; + } + } + + /* First search g->path for the supermin appliance, and try to + * synthesize a kernel and initrd from that. If it fails, we + * try the path search again looking for a backup ordinary + * appliance. + */ pelem = path = safe_strdup (g, g->path); do { pend = strchrnul (pelem, ':'); @@ -719,32 +927,31 @@ guestfs_launch (guestfs_h *g) *pend = '\0'; len = pend - pelem; - /* Empty element or "." means cwd. */ + /* Empty element of "." means cwd. */ if (len == 0 || (len == 1 && *pelem == '.')) { if (g->verbose) fprintf (stderr, - "looking for kernel and initrd in current directory\n"); - if (access (kernel_name, F_OK) == 0 && access (initrd_name, F_OK) == 0) { - kernel = safe_strdup (g, kernel_name); - initrd = safe_strdup (g, initrd_name); + "looking for supermin appliance in current directory\n"); + if (dir_contains_files (".", + supermin_name, supermin_hostfiles_name, + "kmod.whitelist", NULL)) { + if (build_supermin_appliance (g, ".", &kernel, &initrd) == -1) + return -1; break; } } - /* Look at /kernel etc. */ + /* Look at /supermin* etc. */ else { - kernel = safe_malloc (g, len + strlen (kernel_name) + 2); - initrd = safe_malloc (g, len + strlen (initrd_name) + 2); - sprintf (kernel, "%s/%s", pelem, kernel_name); - sprintf (initrd, "%s/%s", pelem, initrd_name); - if (g->verbose) - fprintf (stderr, "looking for %s and %s\n", kernel, initrd); + fprintf (stderr, "looking for supermin appliance in %s\n", pelem); - if (access (kernel, F_OK) == 0 && access (initrd, F_OK) == 0) + if (dir_contains_files (pelem, + supermin_name, supermin_hostfiles_name, + "kmod.whitelist", NULL)) { + if (build_supermin_appliance (g, pelem, &kernel, &initrd) == -1) + return -1; break; - free (kernel); - free (initrd); - kernel = initrd = NULL; + } } pelem = pend + 1; @@ -753,29 +960,56 @@ guestfs_launch (guestfs_h *g) free (path); if (kernel == NULL || initrd == NULL) { + /* Search g->path for the kernel and initrd. */ + pelem = path = safe_strdup (g, g->path); + do { + pend = strchrnul (pelem, ':'); + pmore = *pend == ':'; + *pend = '\0'; + len = pend - pelem; + + /* Empty element or "." means cwd. */ + if (len == 0 || (len == 1 && *pelem == '.')) { + if (g->verbose) + fprintf (stderr, + "looking for appliance in current directory\n"); + if (dir_contains_files (".", kernel_name, initrd_name, NULL)) { + kernel = safe_strdup (g, kernel_name); + initrd = safe_strdup (g, initrd_name); + break; + } + } + /* Look at /kernel etc. */ + else { + if (g->verbose) + fprintf (stderr, "looking for appliance in %s\n", pelem); + + if (dir_contains_files (pelem, kernel_name, initrd_name, NULL)) { + kernel = safe_malloc (g, len + strlen (kernel_name) + 2); + initrd = safe_malloc (g, len + strlen (initrd_name) + 2); + sprintf (kernel, "%s/%s", pelem, kernel_name); + sprintf (initrd, "%s/%s", pelem, initrd_name); + break; + } + } + + pelem = pend + 1; + } while (pmore); + + free (path); + } + + if (kernel == NULL || initrd == NULL) { error (g, _("cannot find %s or %s on LIBGUESTFS_PATH (current path = %s)"), kernel_name, initrd_name, g->path); goto cleanup0; } - /* Choose a suitable memory size. Previously we tried to choose - * a minimal memory size, but this isn't really necessary since - * recent QEMU and KVM don't do anything nasty like locking - * memory into core any more. This we can safely choose a - * large, generous amount of memory, and it'll just get swapped - * on smaller systems. - */ - memsize = 384; - - /* Make the temporary directory containing the socket. */ - if (!g->tmpdir) { - g->tmpdir = safe_strdup (g, dir_template); - if (mkdtemp (g->tmpdir) == NULL) { - perrorf (g, _("%s: cannot create temporary directory"), dir_template); - goto cleanup0; - } - } + /* Get qemu help text and version. */ + if (test_qemu (g) == -1) + goto cleanup0; + /* Make the vmchannel socket. */ snprintf (unixsock, sizeof unixsock, "%s/sock", g->tmpdir); unlink (unixsock); @@ -804,25 +1038,25 @@ guestfs_launch (guestfs_h *g) */ g->cmdline[0] = g->qemu; - /* Construct the -net channel parameter for qemu. */ - snprintf (vmchannel, sizeof vmchannel, - "channel,%d:unix:%s,server,nowait", - VMCHANNEL_PORT, unixsock); +#define LINUX_CMDLINE \ + "panic=1 " /* force kernel to panic if daemon exits */ \ + "console=ttyS0 " /* serial console */ \ + "udevtimeout=300 " /* good for very slow systems (RHBZ#480319) */ \ + "noapic " /* workaround for RHBZ#502058 - ok if not SMP */ \ + "acpi=off " /* we don't need ACPI, turn it off */ \ + "cgroup_disable=memory " /* saves us about 5 MB of RAM */ /* Linux kernel command line. */ snprintf (append, sizeof append, - "panic=1 console=ttyS0 guestfs=%s:%d%s%s%s", + LINUX_CMDLINE "guestfs=%s:%d%s%s%s", VMCHANNEL_ADDR, VMCHANNEL_PORT, g->verbose ? " guestfs_verbose=1" : "", g->append ? " " : "", g->append ? g->append : ""); - snprintf (memsize_str, sizeof memsize_str, "%d", memsize); + snprintf (memsize_str, sizeof memsize_str, "%d", g->memsize); add_cmdline (g, "-m"); add_cmdline (g, memsize_str); -#if 0 - add_cmdline (g, "-no-kqemu"); /* Avoids a warning. */ -#endif add_cmdline (g, "-no-reboot"); /* Force exit instead of reboot on panic */ add_cmdline (g, "-kernel"); add_cmdline (g, (char *) kernel); @@ -833,12 +1067,49 @@ guestfs_launch (guestfs_h *g) add_cmdline (g, "-nographic"); add_cmdline (g, "-serial"); add_cmdline (g, "stdio"); - add_cmdline (g, "-net"); - add_cmdline (g, vmchannel); - add_cmdline (g, "-net"); - add_cmdline (g, "user,vlan=0"); + +#if 0 + /* Doesn't work. See: + * http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2009-07/threads.html + * Subject "guestfwd option doesn't allow supplementary ,server,nowait" + */ + if (qemu_supports (g, "guestfwd")) { + /* New-style -net user,guestfwd=... syntax for vmchannel. See: + * http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/qemu.git/commit/?id=c92ef6a22d3c71538fcc48fb61ad353f7ba03b62 + */ + snprintf (vmchannel, sizeof vmchannel, + "user,vlan=0,guestfwd=tcp:%s:%d-unix:%s,server,nowait", + VMCHANNEL_ADDR, VMCHANNEL_PORT, unixsock); + + add_cmdline (g, "-net"); + add_cmdline (g, vmchannel); + } else { +#endif + /* Not guestfwd. HOPEFULLY this qemu uses the older -net channel + * syntax, or if not then we'll get a quick failure. + */ + snprintf (vmchannel, sizeof vmchannel, + "channel,%d:unix:%s,server,nowait", + VMCHANNEL_PORT, unixsock); + + add_cmdline (g, "-net"); + add_cmdline (g, vmchannel); + add_cmdline (g, "-net"); + add_cmdline (g, "user,vlan=0"); +#if 0 + } +#endif add_cmdline (g, "-net"); add_cmdline (g, "nic,model=virtio,vlan=0"); + + /* These options recommended by KVM developers to improve reliability. */ + if (qemu_supports (g, "-no-hpet")) + add_cmdline (g, "-no-hpet"); + + if (qemu_supports (g, "-rtc-td-hack")) + add_cmdline (g, "-rtc-td-hack"); + + /* Finish off the command line. */ incr_cmdline_size (g); g->cmdline[g->cmdline_size-1] = NULL; @@ -1027,6 +1298,127 @@ guestfs_launch (guestfs_h *g) return -1; } +/* This function does the hard work of building the supermin appliance + * on the fly. 'path' is the directory containing the control files. + * 'kernel' and 'initrd' are where we will return the names of the + * kernel and initrd (only initrd is built). The work is done by + * an external script. We just tell it where to put the result. + */ +static int +build_supermin_appliance (guestfs_h *g, const char *path, + char **kernel, char **initrd) +{ + char cmd[4096]; + int r, len; + + len = strlen (g->tmpdir); + *kernel = safe_malloc (g, len + 8); + snprintf (*kernel, len+8, "%s/kernel", g->tmpdir); + *initrd = safe_malloc (g, len + 8); + snprintf (*initrd, len+8, "%s/initrd", g->tmpdir); + + snprintf (cmd, sizeof cmd, + "PATH='%s':$PATH " + "libguestfs-supermin-helper '%s' %s %s", + path, + path, *kernel, *initrd); + + r = system (cmd); + if (r == -1 || WEXITSTATUS(r) != 0) { + error (g, _("external command failed: %s"), cmd); + free (*kernel); + free (*initrd); + *kernel = *initrd = NULL; + return -1; + } + + return 0; +} + +static int read_all (guestfs_h *g, FILE *fp, char **ret); + +/* Test qemu binary (or wrapper) runs, and do 'qemu -help' and + * 'qemu -version' so we know what options this qemu supports and + * the version. + */ +static int +test_qemu (guestfs_h *g) +{ + char cmd[1024]; + FILE *fp; + + free (g->qemu_help); + free (g->qemu_version); + g->qemu_help = NULL; + g->qemu_version = NULL; + + snprintf (cmd, sizeof cmd, "'%s' -help", g->qemu); + + fp = popen (cmd, "r"); + /* qemu -help should always work (qemu -version OTOH wasn't + * supported by qemu 0.9). If this command doesn't work then it + * probably indicates that the qemu binary is missing. + */ + if (!fp) { + /* XXX This error is never printed, even if the qemu binary + * doesn't exist. Why? + */ + error: + perrorf (g, _("%s: command failed: If qemu is located on a non-standard path, try setting the LIBGUESTFS_QEMU environment variable."), cmd); + return -1; + } + + if (read_all (g, fp, &g->qemu_help) == -1) + goto error; + + if (pclose (fp) == -1) + goto error; + + snprintf (cmd, sizeof cmd, "'%s' -version 2>/dev/null", g->qemu); + + fp = popen (cmd, "r"); + if (fp) { + /* Intentionally ignore errors. */ + read_all (g, fp, &g->qemu_version); + pclose (fp); + } + + return 0; +} + +static int +read_all (guestfs_h *g, FILE *fp, char **ret) +{ + int r, n = 0; + char *p; + + again: + if (feof (fp)) { + *ret = safe_realloc (g, *ret, n + 1); + (*ret)[n] = '\0'; + return n; + } + + *ret = safe_realloc (g, *ret, n + BUFSIZ); + p = &(*ret)[n]; + r = fread (p, 1, BUFSIZ, fp); + if (ferror (fp)) { + perrorf (g, "read"); + return -1; + } + n += r; + goto again; +} + +/* Test if option is supported by qemu command line (just by grepping + * the help text). + */ +static int +qemu_supports (guestfs_h *g, const char *option) +{ + return g->qemu_help && strstr (g->qemu_help, option) != NULL; +} + static void finish_wait_ready (guestfs_h *g, void *vp) { @@ -1171,37 +1563,6 @@ guestfs_end_busy (guestfs_h *g) return 0; } -/* Structure-freeing functions. These rely on the fact that the - * structure format is identical to the XDR format. See note in - * generator.ml. - */ -void -guestfs_free_int_bool (struct guestfs_int_bool *x) -{ - free (x); -} - -void -guestfs_free_lvm_pv_list (struct guestfs_lvm_pv_list *x) -{ - xdr_free ((xdrproc_t) xdr_guestfs_lvm_int_pv_list, (char *) x); - free (x); -} - -void -guestfs_free_lvm_vg_list (struct guestfs_lvm_vg_list *x) -{ - xdr_free ((xdrproc_t) xdr_guestfs_lvm_int_vg_list, (char *) x); - free (x); -} - -void -guestfs_free_lvm_lv_list (struct guestfs_lvm_lv_list *x) -{ - xdr_free ((xdrproc_t) xdr_guestfs_lvm_int_lv_list, (char *) x); - free (x); -} - /* We don't know if stdout_event or sock_read_event will be the * first to receive EOF if the qemu process dies. This function * has the common cleanup code for both. @@ -1430,7 +1791,7 @@ static void sock_write_event (struct guestfs_main_loop *ml, guestfs_h *g, void *data, int watch, int fd, int events) { - int n; + int n, err; if (g->verbose) fprintf (stderr, @@ -1454,8 +1815,11 @@ sock_write_event (struct guestfs_main_loop *ml, guestfs_h *g, void *data, n = write (g->sock, g->msg_out + g->msg_out_pos, g->msg_out_size - g->msg_out_pos); if (n == -1) { - if (errno != EAGAIN) + err = errno; + if (err != EAGAIN) perrorf (g, "write"); + if (err == EPIPE) /* Disconnected from guest (RHBZ#508713). */ + child_cleanup (g); return; } @@ -1958,6 +2322,10 @@ guestfs__receive_file_sync (guestfs_h *g, const char *filename) char fbuf[4]; uint32_t flag = GUESTFS_CANCEL_FLAG; + if (g->verbose) + fprintf (stderr, "%s: waiting for daemon to acknowledge cancellation\n", + __func__); + xdrmem_create (&xdr, fbuf, sizeof fbuf, XDR_ENCODE); xdr_uint32_t (&xdr, &flag); xdr_destroy (&xdr);